Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani

Jassim bin Mohammed bin Thani (born circa 1825 at Fuwayrit – died at Lusail on 17 July 1913), the second ruler of Qatar from 18 December 1878 until his death, the eldest son of Mohammed bin Thani, and known as "The Founder" of the modern State of Qatar; the Arabic infobox gives his laqab as Ra' al-Alya and his kunya as Akhu Rawda. ^{1 2} He unified Qatar under his rule, defeated the Ottomans at Al Wajbah in 1893, left the country's running to his brother Ahmed in his last years, and was succeeded by his son Abdullah. ¹

Jassim was raised in Fuwayrit in northeastern Qatar; the English and Arabic infoboxes give Fuwayrit as his birthplace while the Urdu infobox and Wikidata give Doha, and the record follows the two articles. ^{1 2} His family claimed descent from Banu Tamim, and at about twenty-one he moved to Al Bidda as deputy to his father Mohammed bin Thani. ¹ At the Battle of Mesaimeer (2–4 June 1851) Qatari forces under his father and Jassim fought the Najdi imam Faisal bin Turki Al Saud; Jassim led the decisive attack on 3 June and defeated Fares Al Otaibi in single combat, after which his father submitted to Faisal. ¹

In the 1867–1868 war with Bahrain Jassim was lured to Bahrain and imprisoned, the Qataris fought at Al Damsah and Al Wakrah, and the war ended with British mediation and the September 1868 treaty between his father and the resident Lewis Pelly recognising Qatar as an independent political entity. ¹ In 1871 he accepted the Ottoman flag and in January 1872 was appointed kaymakam of Qatar, then took power on 18 December 1878, the inception of the modern State of Qatar. ¹ He founded kuttab schools teaching reading, writing, arithmetic and the Qur'an, procured books from Egypt and India, in 1892 financed the printing of one hundred copies of Mahmud al-Alusi's Fath al-Mannan and donated them, and wrote poetry recording the events of his time. ¹ In 1882 he expelled the British Indian pearl traders from Doha; in the Abu Dhabi war his son Ali, known as Jo'aan, was killed in the August 1888 attack on Doha, and Jassim then prevailed at Khannour in January 1889; in the 1895 Zubarah affair the British destroyed forty-four dhows and Jassim had to accept terms and pay 30,000 rupees. ¹ In March 1893 he defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Al Wajbah and forced the release of the captive Qatari leaders, a turning point towards Qatari independence. ¹ In his last years he withdrew to Lusail and left the running of the country to his brother Ahmed bin Mohammed, who administered it from 1898 to 1905 according to the English infobox's note. ¹

Jassim died on the afternoon of 17 July 1913 at Lusail and was buried in its cemetery, according to the English article, the Urdu infobox and Wikidata, while the Arabic infobox gives Doha as the death place, a reading the record states and does not follow. ^{1 2 3} He left nineteen sons, and his son Abdullah bin Jassim succeeded him. ^{1 2} Qatar marks 18 December, the anniversary of his accession, as its National Day, and he remains in Qatari memory the founder of the state. ¹

This section is to be read as a presentation of positions reported in the sources, not as a verdict of the museum.

The record sets out his religion here: the English infobox gives the generic "Islam", the Arabic infobox leaves the religion field empty, the Urdu infobox gives "Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a" — an uncited value in one article that in any case names no school or madhhab — and Wikidata carries no religion value at all. ^{1 2 4 3} His founding of kuttab schools and his financing of printed religious books are patronage and practice, not an attestation of a school, so the value stays unknown with the readings preserved in the record's faith note. ¹ The other documentary disagreements are set out in their places: the birth year, circa 1825 in the English article against a full "5 January 1826" in the Arabic infobox that no text supports, and Wikidata's two values, a Julian-model 1825 and 1821; the birthplace, Fuwayrit against Doha; the death place, Lusail against the Arabic infobox's Doha; and the succession, the Urdu infobox naming his son Muhammad bin Jassim where the English article records his brother Ahmed's administration and then his son Abdullah's succession at his death. ^{1 2 4 3}

• The defined sources cited above, registered in data/source/.
• Later translations and edits of this article require periodic review with clear update dates.