Sayyid Hassan Modarres

He was born at Sarabeh near Ardestan in about 1870, studied at the Isfahan seminary, and then spent seven years at Najaf under Akhund Khorasani and Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi, reaching the rank of ijtihad, before returning to teach in Isfahan. ¹²

He entered the second Majlis as a clerical deputy, took part in the wartime defence of Tehran, and became the most prominent opponent of the 1919 Anglo-Persian Agreement. When Reza Khan proposed a republic in 1924, Modarres organised the clerical opposition that defeated the proposal; he survived an assassination attempt in 1926, was kept out of the seventh Majlis, and was arrested and exiled to Khaf and then Kashmar. On 1 December 1937 he was killed there on Reza Shah's orders. ¹

His affiliation is recorded as Twelver Shia, documented: the English article's lead names him "an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric" and the Persian lead calls him a Shia mojtahed — two independent article texts — with his Isfahan and Najaf Usuli formation supplying the branch context. ¹²

This entry is built from the cited source records in the museum's source registry (data/source/). Facts are stated only as the cited sources give them; where a source is silent, the entry is silent.