Hafiz Ibrahim ibn Nurullah (calligrapher of Lucknow)

Hafiz Ibrahim, son of the calligrapher Hafiz Nurullah, completed his training with his father and became an accomplished master of nasta'liq. His skill showed when he wrote the eighth chapter of the Gulistan of Sa'di that his father had left unfinished at his death, matching his father's pen so closely that critics found it hard to tell them apart. ^{2 1}

Tarikh-i Khatt o Khattatin says that he modified, by his own taste, the shape of the bowls in nasta'liq letters: until then only one kind, the round "solar" bowl, was in use, and he introduced for the first time elliptical bowls tilting slightly to the left, which critics admired and most calligraphers adopted. His best-known pupils were Munshi Hadi Ali Khan and Munshi Nisaram Kashmiri. ¹