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al-Hifnawi Abu al-Makarim Najm al-Din Muhammad ibn Salim

الحفناوي أبو المكارم نجم الدين محمد بن سالم

1690 CE · 1101 AH – 1767 CE · 1181 AH

Shafi'i jurist of the Khalwati Sufi order, named after Hifna in the Sharqiyya province of Egypt; born 1101 AH (1690 CE) and died 1181 AH (1767 CE).

Depth

At a glance

Roles
Scholar
Counted among
Sunni
Era
The Gunpowder Empires
Region
Egypt & Nile
Review
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Life in time

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The Colonial Era · The Gunpowder Empires Contemporaries: Hamza Hamid Paşa · al-Bulaydi Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad · Ibn Hamadush, Abd al-Razzaq ibn Muhammad · Al-Baji, Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Saghir · Ali ibn Muhammad al-Masakini

Spirituality and SufismDevelopment of law, theology and institutions

Place in the story

  • JuristTradition

Roles are dated and sourced; the museum describes the act and attributes the judgement.

Overview

Abu al-Makarim Najm al-Din Muhammad ibn Salim ibn Ahmad al-Misri al-Shafi'i al-Khalwati, a Shafi'i jurist of the Khalwati order. He is attributed to Hafna in al-Sharqiyya in Egypt. 1

His life

He was born in 1101 AH (1690 CE) and died in 1181 AH (1767 CE), according to the encyclopaedia. 1

People and things also explored

Prophetic adab (proper conduct)· Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Justice and uprightness (adl)· Contagion (adwa)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God· Term, deadline (ajal)· Hired worker (ajir)

Sources

  1. Mawsu'at A'lam al-Ulama' wa-l-Adaba' al-Arab wa-l-Muslimin — Dar al-Jil / ALECSO , p.81
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “al-Hifnawi Abu al-Makarim Najm al-Din Muhammad ibn Salim”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/person/al-hifnawi-abu-al-makarim-najm-al-din-muhammad-ibn-salim/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-16.

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Wing

People

Prophets, companions, scholars, rulers, scientists, poets, travelers: women and men who shaped the story. Related

Prophetic adab (proper conduct)

The body of proper conduct the believer is commanded in his words, deeds and relations with God and His servants; from the formula 'whoever believes in God and the Last Day' in Abu Hurayra's hadith Ibn Rajab derives that these traits are of the traits of iman and that deeds enter into iman, dividing the hadith's three commands into what belongs to God's rights — speaking good or keeping silent — and what belongs to His servants' rights — honouring the neighbour, withholding harm from him and honouring the guest; he transmits Aswad ibn Asram's report of the Prophet's counsel 'do not say with your tongue except what is good and do not extend your hand except to good', and that the tongue's uprightness is of the traits of iman; Abu Amr ibn al-Salah reports from Abu Muhammad ibn Abi Zayd, the Maliki imam of his time, that the conduct of goodness and all its reins branch from four hadiths: speaking good or keeping silent, leaving what does not concern one, 'do not become angry', and loving for one's brother what one loves for oneself.