Four madhhab qadis appointed in Egypt, 663

تعيين أربعة قضاة للمذاهب بمصر سنة 663هـ

c. 1265 CE · 663 AH

Cairo

The four-madhhab judiciary instituted in Egypt in 663: when Taj al-Din Ibn Bint al-A'azz's sole Shafi'i bench stalled the casework, Jamal al-Din Aydoghdi al-Azizi proposed appointing four qadis, one per madhhab — the sultan approved and enacted it at year's end, then extended it to Damascus 1.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era
Region
Egypt & Nile
Review
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In time

1250126012701280 c.
The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks · The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era

In space

Cairo

Map: Natural Earth, public domain · places and route from the graph

Summary

In 663 AH four judges, one for each of the great legal schools, were appointed in the lands of Egypt. Taj al-Din ibn Bint al-Aʿazz had stopped carrying out many cases, so affairs were at a standstill. Jamal al-Din Aydughdi al-ʿAzizi proposed appointing one judge for each school. The idea pleased Sultan Baybars, who put it into effect at the end of the year, and it was then done in Damascus as well 2.

Connections

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Occurred at
Cairo

People and things also explored

Al-Azhar Mosque· The Dar al-Hikma of Cairo· Baybars takes the sultanate, 658 AH· Capture of Cairo· death of Asad al-Dīn Shīrkūh — Saladin chosen vizier in his place· The great earthquake of Egypt, 608 AH· Egypt's famine and epidemic, 695· From Jan Balat through Tuman Bay to Qansuh al-Ghuri, 905–906

Sources

  1. Shadharat al-Dhahab — Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali , p. 542
  2. Shadharat al-Dhahab — Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali , p.542
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Four madhhab qadis appointed in Egypt, 663”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/four-qadis-egypt-663/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-18.

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Al-Azhar Mosque

Al-Azhar at Cairo: founded by the Fatimids as the mosque of their da'wa, then turned by the vizier Ya'qub ibn Killis in 378 into a university teaching the sciences and letters — from a pulpit reserved for the Fatimid call into one of Egypt's foremost centres of learning beside the mosques of Amr, Ibn Tulun and al-Hakim.