The Conquest of the Jazira

فتح الجزيرة

c. July 639 CE · Rajab 18 AH

The Jazira

In al-Baladhuri through the Raqqa judge Dawud ibn Abd al-Hamid's family from Maymun ibn Mihran: 'the whole Jazira is Iyad ibn Ghanm's conquest, after Abu Ubayda's death — Umar appointed him to it, Abu Ubayda having left him over Syria; Umar gave Syria to Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (may God be pleased with him) then Mu'awiya after him and ordered Iyad to raid the Jazira'; Sulayman ibn Ata says Abu Ubayda dispatched him to the Jazira and died while he was there, Umar then confirming him; al-Waqidi's report — the soundest they had on him — is that Abu Ubayda died in the Amwas plague of year 18 having appointed Iyad, and Umar's letter reached him giving him Hims, Qinnasrin and the Jazira, so he marched for the Jazira on Thursday the middle of Sha'ban year 18 in five thousand, Maysara ibn Masruq al-Absi on the vanguard, Sa'id ibn Amir ibn Hudhaym al-Jumahi on the right wing and Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal al-Sulami on the left — some say Khalid ibn al-Walid (may God be pleased with him) held his left wing, some that Khalid marched under no banner after Abu Ubayda, staying at Hims till his death in year 21, or dying at Medina.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Rashidun Caliphate
Region
Levant & Iraq
Review
Draft Completeness 2/5 · Help complete it

In time

630640650 c.
The Prophetic Era · The Rashidun Caliphate
Reading levelRead it in the Kids' Wing

Al-Baladhuri reports from Maymun ibn Mihran that the whole Jazira was among Iyad ibn Ghanm's conquests after Abu Ubayda's death, and that Umar appointed him to it.

Al-Baladhuri reports from Maymun ibn Mihran that the whole Jazira was among Iyad ibn Ghanm's conquests after Abu Ubayda's death and that Umar appointed him to it. Al-Waqidi — the firmest authority they heard — holds that Abu Ubayda died in the plague of Amwas in 18 AH having named Iyad successor, and Umar's letter came appointing him to Homs, Qinnasrin and the Jazira. Iyad marched to the Jazira on Thursday, mid-Sha'ban 18 AH, in five thousand: Maysara ibn Masruq on the vanguard, Sa'id ibn Amir al-Jumahi on the right, Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal on the left — or Khalid ibn al-Walid (may God be pleased with him) on the left in one telling. The conquest is part of the opening of Syria.

Storytellers (10–12) read the Explorers text, then cross to the Scholars text.

Al-Baladhuri reports from Maymun ibn Mihran that the whole Jazira was among Iyad ibn Ghanm's conquests after Abu Ubayda's death, and that Umar appointed him to it. Sulayman ibn Ata says Abu Ubayda sent Iyad to the Jazira and died while he was there, Umar appointing him to it after; al-Waqidi — the firmest authority they heard on his affair, by al-Baladhuri's judgment — holds that Abu Ubayda died in the plague of Amwas in 18 AH having named Iyad successor, and Umar's letter came appointing him to Homs, Qinnasrin and the Jazira. Iyad marched to the Jazira on Thursday, mid-Sha'ban 18 AH, in five thousand: Maysara ibn Masruq al-Absi on the vanguard, Sa'id ibn Amir al-Jumahi on the right wing, Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal al-Sulami on the left — or Khalid ibn al-Walid (may God be pleased with him) on the left in one telling; and Khalid is said to have stayed in Homs until his death there in 21 AH, or to have died in Medina. The conquest is part of the opening of Syria, and the date is derived from the account.

Overview

al-Baladhuri relates on the authority of Maymun ibn Mihran that all of al-Jazira was a conquest of Iyad ibn Ghanm after the death of Abu Ubayda, and that Umar appointed him over it. 1

Accounts of the appointment

Sulayman ibn Ata said that Abu Ubayda sent Iyad to al-Jazira and he died there, so Umar afterwards appointed him over it. al-Waqidi, whom al-Baladhuri's sources held to be the most reliable in his account, holds that Abu Ubayda died in the plague of Amwas in 18 AH and appointed Iyad as his successor. Then the letter of Umar came to him appointing him over Homs, Qinnasrin and al-Jazira. 1

The march

Iyad marched to al-Jazira on Thursday, the middle of Sha'ban 18 AH, with five thousand men. His vanguard was under Maysara ibn Masruq al-Absi, his right wing under Sa'id ibn Amir al-Jumahi, and his left under Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal al-Sulami. It is also said that Khalid ibn al-Walid was on the left. It is also said that Khalid remained in Homs until he died there in 21 AH, and some say he died in Medina. 2

The conquest is part of the conquest of Syria. The date is derived from the account.

Your choice is kept in this browser only.

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
Sa'id ibn Amir ibn Hudhaym al-Jumahi· Iyad ibn Ghanm al-Fihri· Maysara ibn Masruq al-Absi· Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal· Khalid ibn al-Walid· Umar ibn al-Khattab
Has part
The Conquest of Harran· The Conquest of Hit and the Euphrates Forts· The Taking and Settling of Mar'ash· The Conquest of al-Raqqa· The Conquest of Ra's al-Ayn· The Conquest of Edessa (al-Ruha)· The Conquest of Shimshat· Iyad's Incursion toward Khilat
Part of
The Conquest of Syria
Occurred at
The Jazira

People and things also explored

Iyad ibn Ghanm al-Fihri· The Plague of Amwas· The Conquest of Harran· The Conquest of Syria· Khalid ibn al-Walid· Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal· Umar ibn al-Khattab· Dhimma (the covenant of protection)

Sources

  1. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition) , p.236
  2. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition) , p.237
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The Conquest of the Jazira”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/conquest-of-jazira/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-26.

Improve this page on GitHub · Report an error · JSON

Wing

Time

Eras, timelines, this day in history, any year in the Islamic world.
Related

Iyad ibn Ghanm al-Fihri

A Fihri of Quraysh; some transmitters in al-Baladhuri name him as the man Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah appointed in his place when dying in the plague of Amwas in year 18.