Jinaya (offence against the person or body)

In fiqh a jinaya is any forbidden act against a person, body or property. The encyclopedia divides it into killing, injuries short of killing, and offences against what is life in one respect and not another, such as the unborn child. ^{1 2}

Killing is classed by intent as intentional, quasi-intentional or accidental; the Hanafis add two further categories. Intentional killing brings retaliation (qisas), sin, and loss of inheritance for the killer. ^{2 6}

Retaliation for injuries requires intent and equivalence of the organ and of its use, and the rules differ for wounds to the head and face, to the teeth, to the breasts and to the male organ. ^{3 7 4}

Fixed sums apply to the loss of limbs, including fingers and teeth, and to certain head wounds; where no sum is fixed, a discretionary award (hukuma) is due. ^{5 8 9}