Caution, precaution (ihtiyat)

احتياط

Ihtiyat in the lexicon is taking the most prudent and secure course, and guarding against error. Jurists use it in these senses. 1 Scrupulousness (wara') is avoiding doubtful matters for fear of falling into what is forbidden. 1 One of the rules built on caution is that the forbidden prevails when the lawful and the forbidden are mixed; its scope is treated in the books of legal maxims. 2 Whether caution applies to obligatory, recommended and forbidden acts is treated in the usul appendix. 2 Note: the heading in the scan is spelled اختياط.

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Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Global / Diaspora
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Development of law, theology and institutions

Summary

Ihtiyat in the lexicon is taking the most prudent and secure course, and guarding against error. Jurists use it in these senses. 1 Scrupulousness (wara') is avoiding doubtful matters for fear of falling into what is forbidden. 1 One of the rules built on caution is that the forbidden prevails when the lawful and the forbidden are mixed; its scope is treated in the books of legal maxims. 2 Whether caution applies to obligatory, recommended and forbidden acts is treated in the usul appendix. 2 Note: the heading in the scan is spelled اختياط.

People and things also explored

Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Justice and uprightness (adl)· Contagion (adwa)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God· Term, deadline (ajal)· Hired worker (ajir)· Stranger, outsider (ajnabi)

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.1749
  2. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.1750
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Caution, precaution (ihtiyat)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/ihtiyat/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Related

Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)

In the lexicon, add is gripping a thing with the teeth and holding it. If a person bites another without right and a wound results, the biter must pay the damages for the wound, assessed as a just award by experts. If one man bites another's hand and the bitten man pulls it free so that the biter's front teeth fall out, most jurists hold that there is no liability, relying on a prophetic judgement in such a case; the Shafi'is limit this to a bitten man who chose the easiest means of release, and the preferred Maliki view requires compensation.