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Hawal (squint of the eye)

الحَوَل

Hawal (squint) is lexically a whiteness at the far corner of the eye with the black at the near side; the jurists apply the word to one who has it. 1 2 Awar is loss of sight in one eye, ashan is poor sight by night or day, and zufr is a whiteness appearing in the pupil. 1 2 In marriage, the majority hold that squint gives no right to annul unless safety was stipulated; if safety was stipulated and found absent, the Malikis and one Hanbali view give the right to annul, while the Hanafis do not give it for a missing stipulated quality. 2 3 A squint-eyed sheep may be sacrificed unless the squint prevents sight, and an injury to the eye that causes squint carries assessed compensation. 3

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Early Abbasid Caliphate
Region
Global / Diaspora
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Ethics and character

Summary

Hawal (squint) is lexically a whiteness at the far corner of the eye with the black at the near side; the jurists apply the word to one who has it. 1 2 Awar is loss of sight in one eye, ashan is poor sight by night or day, and zufr is a whiteness appearing in the pupil. 1 2 In marriage, the majority hold that squint gives no right to annul unless safety was stipulated; if safety was stipulated and found absent, the Malikis and one Hanbali view give the right to annul, while the Hanafis do not give it for a missing stipulated quality. 2 3 A squint-eyed sheep may be sacrificed unless the squint prevents sight, and an injury to the eye that causes squint carries assessed compensation. 3

People and things also explored

Ada' al-dayn (paying a debt: its ruling, the manner of payment, insolvency and the debts of the dead)· Ada' al-shahada (performing testimony: the duty on request, the excused witness, and the wording)· Manners of the Qur'an bearer· Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Adha (harm of a slight kind: removing harmful things and the duty not to harm)· Justice and grace (adl wal-fadl)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.7424
  2. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.7425
  3. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.7426
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Hawal (squint of the eye)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/hawal-squint/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words. Related

Ada' al-dayn (paying a debt: its ruling, the manner of payment, insolvency and the debts of the dead)

Paying a debt in the form owed is obligatory by consensus. A debt due now must be paid on demand when the debtor can pay; a deferred debt is not due before its term. Payment is made in like items, with value owed where there is no like; a better payment is allowed when unconditioned. Remission, gift, assignment, set-off and settlement take the place of payment. A solvent debtor who refuses is compelled, imprisoned and his apparent property sold; the majority hold that a bankrupt is put under interdiction and his property divided among creditors, against Abu Hanifa. The insolvent is given respite, and his debt may be paid from zakat if he borrowed for himself in a lawful matter. A dead person's debt attaches to his estate and takes precedence over bequests and inheritance.