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A film by Majid Majidi about a blind child in Iran and his relationship with his father and grandmother; one of the warm classics of Iranian cinema. ¹ ²

The mute person (abkam) in fiqh

The Kuwaiti encyclopedia defines the mute person (abkam) as one who has the condition of dumbness, which is the absence of speech. Lexicographers distinguish the abkam, who has speech but cannot give an answer, from the akhras, one born unable to speak; the jurists in their usage do not distinguish between them. Since the mute lacks the means of expression by the tongue, the Encyclopedia says he is held to intention and to moving the tongue, or murmuring, in acts of worship such as prayer, reciting the Qur'an and the talbiya; the Malikis accept intention alone. In other matters he must express himself in writing, if he writes well, and otherwise by an intelligible sign, as in sales, transactions and testimony. In hudud punishments his confession against himself and his testimony against others are not accepted, because a doubt averts such punishments.

The Color of Paradise

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The mute person (abkam) in fiqh