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Repeating the names of God, glorification and seeking forgiveness, individually and collectively; 'Surely by the remembrance of God hearts find rest'. Its forms and sessions developed in the Sufi orders. {¹}

Dhikr (the remembrance of God in the rulings of fiqh)

In the rulings dhikr is the servant's remembrance of his Lord by statement, recitation, supplication or praise. It is recommended at all times, except in certain places and conditions such as relieving oneself, intercourse and the Friday sermon. It is by tongue and heart together; by the majority, the tongue's dhikr counts only when the speaker says it and hears himself. The Qur'an is the best dhikr for one who acts on it, and then the four words: glory be to God, praise be to God, there is no god but God, and God is greatest. The forms include the tahlil, tasbih, tahmid, takbir, hawqala, istirja', basmala and blessing on the Prophet; forms that imply shirk or deficiency are forbidden. Chanting in unison is disputed: some allow it when it does not disturb and is not thought obligatory, while al-Shatibi calls the unison of a fixed form an innovation.

Dhikr (remembrance of God)

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Dhikr (the remembrance of God in the rulings of fiqh)