Janbirdi al-Ghazali

جانبردي الغزالي

The Circassian commander who defected at Marj Dabiq — kafil of Hama then Damascus under al-Ghuri, he had secretly pledged himself to Selim for Damascus's niaba; yet after fleeing the sultan's wing he still joined Tuman Bay against Selim until Egypt fell, then held Damascus for the Ottomans, restoring the witnesses, abolishing the mukus tolls and barring even Ottoman troops from molesting women and children 1.

Depth

At a glance

Roles
emir · General
Counted among
Sunni
Era
The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era
Region
Levant & Iraq · Egypt & Nile
Review
Draft Completeness 2/5 · Help complete it

Politics, governance and authority

Summary

Janbardi ibn Abd Allah al-Circassian, known as al-Ghazali, one of the great amirs of the Circassian state who crossed over to the Ottoman state. In the reign of Qansuh al-Ghuri he was governor (kafil) of Hama and then of Damascus. He turned against his master and promised Sultan Selim the governorship of Damascus 1.

Marj Dabiq and after

Although he had betrayed al-Ghuri, when he fled from the sultan's left wing at the battle of Marj Dabiq, he went back to Egypt and joined Tuman Bay and helped him against Sultan Selim. Then, when Selim conquered Egypt, Janbardi kept to his pledge and Selim appointed him governor of Syria. In Damascus he restored the witnesses to their posts in the way they had been under the Circassian state, spread justice in the city and its districts, abolished the tolls that had been imposed there, and forbade the gatekeepers to take anything from those who entered. He drew his sword against any soldier of the Ottoman army who harmed a woman or a boy. He wrote to Sultan Selim about this and told him that Damascus was not used to anything of that kind 1.

People and things also explored

Ahl al-Diwan (those paid from the state register of soldiers and officers, and the rules of their conditions and distribution)· Ahl al-Hall wa al-Aqd (those who loose and bind: the men of power whose choice confirms the imam)· Ahl al-Mahalla (the people of a quarter, their imam, call to prayer, and their part in the oath and blood money where a body is found)· Islamic management· Experience versus service, and self-development· The nominal group technique· Leadership and the leader's six roles· Situational leadership

Sources

  1. Shadharat al-Dhahab — Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali , p. 557
  • al-Dawla al-Uthmaniyya — Ali Muhammad al-Salabi (2001)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Janbirdi al-Ghazali”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/person/janbardi-al-ghazali/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Wing

People

Prophets, companions, scholars, rulers, scientists, poets, travelers: women and men who shaped the story.
Related

Ahl al-Diwan (those paid from the state register of soldiers and officers, and the rules of their conditions and distribution)

Diwan is a Persian loan-word meaning a collection of sheets and writings, in which the army and those given grants were written; for the jurists it is the register in which the names of those in state service who receive a stipend from the public treasury are recorded, and the office that keeps it. Umar ibn al-Khattab was the first to set up the diwan, according to two accounts. The people of the diwan are of several kinds: soldiers, on conditions that are regulatory, such as puberty, freedom, Islam, health and fitness for fighting; holders of office, such as governors, judges, scholars, collectors, imams and muezzins; and the needy. The Companions differed on preference in distribution: Abu Bakr and Ali made it equal, while Umar and Uthman preferred by precedence in Islam, and Umar added kinship to the Prophet; Abu Hanifa and Ahmad followed the latter view.