Hussein Mwinyi

Mwinyi was born on 23 December 1966 on Unguja, Zanzibar. ^{1 2} He trained as a physician, taking a medical degree at Marmara University and a PhD at Hammersmith Hospital, and practised at Muhimbili Hospital (1993–1995) and at Hubert Kairuki Memorial University (1998–2000). ¹

He entered parliament for Mkuranga in 2000 and moved to the Kwahani seat in 2005, holding it until 2020. In government he was deputy minister of health (2000–2005), minister of state for union affairs (2006–2008), minister of defence and national service (2008–2012 and again 2014–2020), and minister of health and social welfare between those defence terms (2012–2014). ¹

Mwinyi joined the race for the Zanzibar presidency in June 2020 and won the CCM nomination with 78.65 percent of the National Executive Committee vote. In the general election of 28 October 2020 he defeated fourteen candidates with 76.27 percent of the vote. The opposition candidate Seif Sharif Hamad attempted to organise protests against the result and was arrested, and the United States government described the simultaneous Tanzanian election as carrying "credible allegations" of fabricated results; the Zanzibar Electoral Commission said the Zanzibar poll had been carried out peacefully. ^{1 2}

On the campaign trail Mwinyi promised a crackdown on corruption, saying crooked public servants should be extremely intimidated. Under his administration the Zanzibar Anti-corruption and Economic Crimes Authority prosecuted 289 cases, and he was noted as the first president of Zanzibar to visit the authority's office since its establishment in 2012. ¹

For development he created Zanzibar's first Ministry of Blue Economy and Fisheries, and in January 2022 the government allocated 149 billion Tanzanian shillings to the blue economy; his administration also expanded trading permits to thousands of small businesses. ¹ He was the first African head of state to join the UN's HeForShe alliance and was named the HeForShe 2021 Champion by UN Women Tanzania; in his first year he removed the possibility of bail for all sexual offences. ¹

No source names a religious school for Mwinyi. Wikidata gives his religion as Islam with no branch — a single structured value — and no article text states his religion: the English, Arabic and Urdu articles carry only category filings (Tanzanian Muslims), and the Urdu stub derives from the English article. ^{3 1 2 4} His faith is therefore recorded as unknown, as his father's is.

His predecessor as president of Zanzibar, Ali Mohamed Shein, has no record in the museum, so no succession relation is written; the relations written are his parentage — he is the son of Ali Hassan Mwinyi, whose record exists — and his birth on Unguja. ^{1 3}

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