Imran ibn Musa's Sind and the Zutt-Mayd Wars

ولاية عمران بن موسى السند وحربه الزط والميد

al-Qiqan

Al-Mu'tasim gave Imran ibn Musa the thaghr: he drove the Zutt of Qiqan, built al-Bayda and garrisoned it; took hill-top Qandabil from the mutaghallib Muhammad ibn al-Khalil and carried its chiefs to Qusdar; slew three thousand Mayd at Sikkar al-Mayd. On the Rur river he hand-stamped the Zutt, took their jizya, and bound each to keep a dog — till a dog fetched fifty dirhams — then raided the Mayd with Zutt chiefs, cutting a sea-channel that made their marsh water brackish. When Nizari-Yamani strife rose he leaned to the Yemenis, and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Habbari — whose grandfather came with al-Hakam — killed him unawares.

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At a glance

Era
The Early Abbasid Caliphate
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Overview

Al-Baladhuri relates the governorship of Imran ibn Musa over the frontier of Sind in the caliphate of al-Mu'tasim, and his fighting against the Zutt and the Mayd. 1

Governorship and campaigns

Al-Mu'tasim wrote to Imran ibn Musa appointing him over the frontier. He went out to al-Qaqan, who are Zutt, fought them, and built a city he called al-Bayda, and settled troops in it. Then he came to al-Mansura and went on to Qandabil, where he fought its usurper Muhammad ibn al-Khalil and took it. 1

The Zutt and the Mayd

Imran raided the Mayd and killed three thousand of them. He took the poll tax from the Zutt, and ordered each man of them to take a dog with him at a review. Then he dug a canal from the sea that he ran into the marsh of the Mayd until its water became salt. 1

The death

Partisanship arose between the Nizari and the Yamani, and Imran inclined toward the Yamani. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Hubari went against him and killed him by surprise. 1

The date is not given in the data: an additional source is needed.

Connections

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Had participant
Imran ibn Musa al-Barmaki· al-Mu'tasim Abu Ishaq ibn al-Rashid
Occurred at
al-Qiqan

People and things also explored

Abdallah ibn Sawar at Qiqan· al-Harith ibn Murra's Qiqan Raid and Death· The Allafis' Coup on the Makran Frontier· Bishr ibn Dawud's Revolt and Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki's Rule· Conquest of Amorium· Death of al-Mu'tasim· The Fall of Qaliqala, 133, and its Rebuilding· The Garrisoning of Sur man Ra'a (Samarra)

Sources

  1. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Imran ibn Musa's Sind and the Zutt-Mayd Wars”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/imran-sind-rule/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-16.

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Abdallah ibn Sawar at Qiqan

Abdallah ibn Sawar al-Abdi held the frontier, raided Qiqan, and gifted Mu'awiya Qiqani horses; back there the people summoned the Turks who killed him. So open-handed that none lit a fire but his — once, told a strange fire was a lying-in woman's khabis, he fed the whole camp khabis three days.