Establishment of the Abbasid caliphate in Cairo

قيام الخلافة العباسية بالقاهرة

c. June 1261 CE · 13 Rajab 659 AH

Ahmad ibn al-Zahir — freed from Baghdad's prison when the Tatars took it — came to Baybars in Rajab 659 with ten of Banu Maharish; the sultan rode out to meet him, his line was proven before chief qadi Taj al-Din ibn Bint al-A'azz, and the bay'a ran: the sultan first, then the qadi, then Shaykh Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam, then the great by rank, on 13 Rajab. His name went on the coinage, he preached in black at the citadel mosque, robed the sultan with his own hands before the Cairo tent, and was granted an atabeg, ustadar, sharabi, khazindar, hajib and katib with a hundred horses. The caliphate's gap had lasted three and a half years; al-Dhahabi notes none after his uncle's son took it save him and al-Muqtafi 1.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era
Region
Egypt & Nile
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In time

125012601270 c.
The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks · The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era

Overview

On 13 Rajab 659 AH Ahmad ibn al-Zahir was given the oath in Cairo as Abbasid caliph, after he had come to the sultan al-Zahir Baybars. 2

His arrival and the proof of his lineage

He had been imprisoned in Baghdad, and was released when the Tatars took it, and he took refuge with the Arabs of Iraq. He came to Baybars with ten men of Banu Muhariish, and the sultan rode out to meet him. His lineage was established before the chief judge Taj al-Din ibn Bint al-A'azz. 2

The oath

The sultan gave him the oath first, then the judge, then [[person/izz-al-din-ibn-abd-al-salam|Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam], then the great men by rank. His name was struck on the coinage and the sermon was given in his name, and he took the title of his brother al-Mustansir. The caliph invested the sultan with the robe of honour and the decree of appointment was read. al-Suyuti says that the interruption of the caliphate lasted three years and a half. 2

Ibn al-Imad relates that people of all kinds, Muslims, Jews and Christians, came out to receive him, and he entered by the Gate of Victory on a day of great gathering. 3

See also al-Mustansir bi-Llah.

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah Ahmad al-Qabi· al-Mustansir bi'llah II Ahmad ibn al-Zahir· al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars· الشيخ عز الدين بن عبد السلام

People and things also explored

Al-Mustansir's departure for Iraq and his disappearance· The battle of Ayn Jalut and the defeat of the Tatars· Baybars takes Jaffa, Beaufort and Antioch, 666· Baybars takes Caesarea and Arsuf, 663· Baybars raids Cilicia, 673· Death of al-Zahir Baybars, 676· Baybars takes Hisn al-Akrad and Akkar, 669· Baybars takes Safed, 664

Sources

  1. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p. 723-724
  2. Tarikh al-Khulafa — al-Suyuti (Dar al-Minhaj edition) , p.723-724
  3. Shadharat al-Dhahab — Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali , p.296
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Establishment of the Abbasid caliphate in Cairo”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/cairo-caliphate-baya-659/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Related

Al-Mustansir's departure for Iraq and his disappearance

Al-Mustansir marched for Iraq, the sultan seeing him off to Damascus with a million dinars' outfit and the lords of Mosul, Sinjar and the Jazira in his train; Aleppo's rival caliph al-Hakim — set up by its amir Aqush with his own coin — joined and submitted. He took al-Haditha and Hit, met a Tatar host, and vanished at the battle of 3 Muharram 660: most say killed, some say fled and hidden — a caliphate under six months.