Nuqud (money in fiqh)

النُّقُود (أحكامها في الفقه)

Nuqud, the plural of naqd, means in fiqh either gold and silver, coined or not, the minted coin, or anything used as a medium of exchange. ¹ Dealing in money is lawful by the Qur'an and the Sunna, and money serves as the measure by which goods are valued. ² ³ The natural coins are the dinar and the dirham; the conventional ones are fulus, debased dirhams and paper money. ³ ⁴ Several rulings are fixed in money: the zakat threshold, the least dower, the theft threshold, blood money and the poll tax. ⁵ ⁶ Minting belongs to the ruler alone; clipping coins is disliked by several; decorating with coins is subject to rules. ⁷ ⁸ In contracts the local currency is meant when none is named; coins are specified by the Shafi'is and Hanbalis but not by the Hanafis and Malikis, and the schools differ on bullion and coins as capital. ⁹ ¹⁰ The rulings on loans, pledges, hire, endowment and salam are set out in the same way. ¹¹ ¹² When the value of fulus changes, the schools differ on how debts are paid, and Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn al-Qayyim and al-Maqrizi held that stable money is the basis of justice. ¹³ ¹⁴

Summary

Nuqud, the plural of naqd, means in fiqh gold and silver, coined or not, the minted coin, or anything used as a medium of exchange. ¹

Money in fiqh

Dealing in money is lawful by the Qur'an and the Sunna; the natural coins are the dinar and the dirham, the conventional ones are fulus, debased dirhams and paper money. ² ⁴ Fixed rulings: the zakat threshold, the least dower, the cut-off for theft, blood money and the poll tax. ⁵ ⁶ Minting belongs to the ruler; clipping and decorating with coins are subject to rules. ⁷ ¹⁵ In contracts the local currency is meant when none is named; the schools differ on whether coins are specified by the contract, and on coins in partnership and salam. ⁹ ¹⁶ Loans, pledges, loan of coins, hire, endowment and bills of exchange: the rulings are set out in the schools' views. ¹⁷ ¹³ Change in value: scarcity, cheapness, slump and disappearance affect debts; the ruler should keep prices stable, and Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn al-Qayyim and al-Maqrizi held that stable money is the basis of justice. ¹⁸ ¹⁴

Sources

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16002

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16003

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16004

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16005

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16006

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16007

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16008

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16010

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16013

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16016

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16018

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16022

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16024

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16027

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16011

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16019

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16021

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16025

Nuqud (money in fiqh)

At a glance

Summary

Money in fiqh

People and things also explored

Sources

Objects

Al-Madina Souq, Aleppo