At a glance
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Astronomy and timekeepingGeography and cartography
Overview
Al-Masudi relates from the astronomers that the heaven is like a sphere that turns with its stars. 1
The earth in their view
They say that the earth is a sphere fixed at the centre of the heaven, like a centre point. Its size, compared with the heaven, is like the size of a point in a circle. It lies within the sphere of the heavens like a speck in an egg. They say that it draws the weight in bodies, as a magnet draws iron. 1
The measurements
The earth, in their view, is divided into two halves by the equator. Its circumference at the equator is nine thousand leagues, in three hundred and sixty degrees, each degree being twenty-five leagues. Between the equator and each pole there are ninety degrees. 1
This is a transmission from the astronomers as al-Masudi relates it, and not a judgement on it.
People and things also explored
The seven climates· The equator· The horizon circle· Measuring the earth· Al-Biruni, Muhammad ibn Ahmad· al-Khwarizmi· Sharaf al-Dawla's observatory at Baghdad· Qibla-finding by stars, winds, mountains and rivers
Sources
- Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi , p. 518-519
- al-Farghani, Elementa astronomica (Golius, Amsterdam 1669)
Cite this page
islam.museum contributors. “The earth's sphericity”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/kurawiyyat-al-ard/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.