Jihad (fighting in the way of God, in fiqh)

الجهاد

In fiqh, jihad is fighting the enemy. The Kuwaiti encyclopedia sets out its ruling (obligatory in general, and personally obligatory in certain cases), the duty to call the unbelievers to Islam before fighting, the conditions for its obligation, the rules for those who join it (parents, creditors, the sick, women), flight from battle, treachery, mutilation and burning, truces and the use of the enemy's property. ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷

Overview

In fiqh, jihad is fighting the enemy. It is obligatory in general and personally obligatory in certain situations. ¹ ³

Calling to Islam before fighting

When Muslims enter enemy territory they call the unbelievers to Islam first; the schools differ on whether the call is obligatory. ⁴ ⁸

Who goes out

When the two lines meet, those present must stand firm. A son needs his parents' leave unless the jihad has become personally obligatory, and women are discouraged from going out except for need. ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹

Rules in war

Treachery, embezzling booty and mutilation are forbidden. The jurists allow killing animals and destroying property when needed, and differ on killing the elderly. ¹² ¹³ ¹⁴

Sieges and truces

When the imam besieges a fortress he must persist until its people accept Islam, pay a sum, or accept an agreed judge. A truce is allowed only for a fixed period. ⁵ ¹⁵ ⁷

Sources

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6583

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6586

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6588

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6602

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6612

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6617

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6623

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6603

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6590

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6592

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6597

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6608

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6610

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6615

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.6613

Idol worship in the Jahiliyya and its rites

The rites of idol worship among the Arabs of the Jahiliyya as al-Raheeq al-Makhtum lists them: devotion and appeal to the idols as intercessors with God, pilgrimage, circumambulation and prostration to them, slaughter for them and in their names, a share of food, crops and cattle set aside for them, vows, and the consecrated animals; most were introduced by Amr ibn Luhayy and thought a good innovation rather than a change of Ibrahim's religion, and the Qur'an rejects them in al-An'am, al-Ma'ida, al-Zumar and Yunus.