The difference between caliphate and kingship

Shakib Arslan sets out his distinction between the caliphate and kingship. In his view the caliphate is the general care of the community for the purpose of establishing it on the Law, restraining the strong from the weak within, and protecting Islam from the aggressor without. It is not concluded except by the will of the community, so the caliph's authority derives from it. He notes that the historian Lothrop Stoddard understood this principle, and he criticises those who claim that the idea of authority derived from the community is an invention of the West alone. He cites the example of Abu Bakr, who returned to trade and herding after his allegiance was given, and then limited himself to a maintenance from the wealth of the Muslims. This is a presentation of the author's conception, and it is attributed to him, not to a consensus. ¹

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