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Islamic banks and conventional banks — the difference, the doubts and the performance

Ideas Today

البنوك الإسلامية والبنوك التقليدية — الفرق والشبهات والكفاءة

The two 'Al-Wasatiyya' episodes on Islamic banks. In the first, 56% of the studio audience said they could not define riba, 79% that they knew nothing of the murabaha, mudaraba, tawarruq and salam contracts, and they split into thirds on whether Islamic banks are free of doubt; 1 2 3 in the second, 65% chose to buy by murabaha from an Islamic bank, 57% thought abolishing riba impossible while the world economy runs on interest, and 49% judged Islamic banks' social role weaker. 4 5 The guests agreed that conventional bank interest is riba and differed over the existing Islamic banks. 6

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Contemporary Era
Region
Arab world · Global / Diaspora
Review

Contested: This record includes matters on which scholars differ. The speaker's views are labelled as his, and other views are marked where no cited source yet exists.

Trade and financeThe halal economy

Summary

The Al-Wasatiyya programme on Al-Resalah channel gave two episodes, the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth, to Islamic banks: the first to the difference between an Islamic and a conventional bank and the basics of riba and the contracts, the second to the Islamic banks' efficiency, the doubts about them and their role in society. 7 8 9 Introducing them, Tareq al-Suwaidan said money is the sinew of life and Islam does not fight wealth, and that Islamic banks came to fill a gap: he recalls that when he was growing up there was no Islamic bank in the world, that the first was Dubai Islamic Bank in 1975 and then Kuwait Finance House, thirty or forty years against four hundred years of interest banking. 8 10 He chose to call the non-Islamic bank "conventional" rather than "usurious" in the episode. 11 He said neither a call to faith nor a community can stand without an economy. 12 13

First episode: what is riba?

The presenter asked the young audience whether they could define riba: only 6% said precisely, 38% in general terms, and 56% could not. 14 15 1 He asked viewers by text message whether the differences between Islamic and conventional banks are large and fundamental or small and formal; the result was not read out. 16 17

  • A woman student defined riba as any increase on borrowed money, and a young man as a fixed interest rate. 18 19
  • Rajab Abu Mulayh, sharia adviser to the Islam Online website, said riba has two kinds: riba al-fadl in the six items the Sunna specified, and riba al-nasi'a. 20 21 The presenter simplified: riba al-fadl is exchanging a kilo of one item for two kilos of the same, the lawful way being to sell the better quality for cash and buy with the proceeds; riba al-nasi'a, the episode's subject, is an increase fixed in advance on the capital in return for delay. 22 23 24 25
  • Hamid al-Attar, member of the International Union of Muslim Scholars and sharia researcher at Islam Online, added that riba al-nasi'a is also called the riba of debts, and that the increase need not be of a known percentage nor stipulated at the start: whoever lends interest-free and then tells a debtor who cannot pay "I will give you another year with an increase" has fallen into riba. 26 27 28
  • Salah Sultan, sharia adviser to Bahrain's Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs and professor at Dar al-Ulum, Cairo University, put the rule: every loan that brings a stipulated benefit is riba; a gift on repayment without condition or agreement is not. 28 29 30 He distinguished a loan, money one may use and must return in kind, from a trust that may not be used, and the presenter noted that a "deposit" in banking language is not a deposit in fiqh. 31 32
  • Muhammad al-Banna, professor of sharia with studies in Islamic economics and in replies to fatwas permitting bank interest, was asked about the claim that only riba "doubled and multiplied" is forbidden; he said this understanding is wrong, since a small increase, when the debtor cannot pay, breeds increase upon increase. 33 34 35 Salah Sultan later said the decisive verse is the command to give up what remains of riba, which some jurists consider abrogating. 2 36
  • Muhammad al-Azizi, professor of comparative fiqh from Jordan, author of about seventeen books, eight of them on economics and comparative fiqh, divided riba into three: the riba of loans, the riba of deferred sale, and riba al-fadl, and held that every increase on account of time is riba, whether through a loan or a sale. 37 38 39 40
  • Abd al-Hamid al-Ghazali, professor of Islamic economics at Cairo University, asked about worldly punishment, said riba wipes out the blessing of wealth and attacks the economy's immune system, and that in a state applying the sharia its punishment is a discretionary penalty (ta'zir) set by the ruler or judge, since it has no fixed penalty. 41 42 43 44 45

First episode: the contracts

The presenter illustrated a conventional bank: it takes deposits and pays them 7%, lends at 12%, and the difference is its profit; Islamic banks do not lend this way but use contracts, chief among them murabaha, salam, tawarruq, istisna', mudaraba and musharaka. 46 47 Asked about these contracts, only 3% of the young audience said they knew them precisely, 18% knew some, and 79% knew nothing about them. 48 49 2

  • Murabaha: al-Ghazali explained that the client asks for a good, the bank buys and takes possession of it and bears the consequences of ownership, so that if it perishes it perishes at the bank's risk, then sells it to the client at an agreed profit. 50 51 52 The presenter summed up the two differences as he understands them: the Islamic bank sells something it owns, while the conventional bank lends you money to buy something it does not own; and in the Islamic bank the price is fixed after the contract and does not rise with delay, while in the conventional bank it rises the longer the term. 53 54 55 56
  • Mudaraba: al-Banna explained it as an owner of capital giving his money to a skilled worker who has none, who works with it, the profit shared in an agreed proportion; the presenter said the basis of Islamic banks' work is mudaraba, musharaka and murabaha, so much so that some say they should be called investment companies. 57 58 59 60
  • Salam: the buyer pays the price in advance and receives the good later, on condition that the good is described closely enough to prevent dispute; it is the reverse of instalment sale. 61 62 63
  • 'Ina and tawarruq: the presenter explained 'ina as someone in need buying a good from a moneyed person on deferred payment and at once selling it back to him for a lower cash price, so the good stays with its owner and the deal becomes a loan with an increase; he said it is a forbidden sale whose prohibition the Sunna states. 64 65 66 67 He explained tawarruq as the same cycle run among three parties instead of two, said tawarruq is the only disputed contract among those mentioned, used by some banks and not others, and that no Islamic bank gives loans at interest. 68 69 70 71

First episode: are they Islamic?

After this explanation the presenter asked whether Islamic banks have no doubtful element, a few, or many: the audience split into thirds, 33%, 33% and 34%, and he said no audience of his had split evenly before. 72 3 73

  • A woman student saw a large doubt because the banks concentrated on murabaha, which encourages consumption, rather than mudaraba, which builds production, and the presenter endorsed her point. 74 75 76 A young man said clients can cheat in salam and tawarruq; the presenter answered with the rule that the forbidden does not make the lawful forbidden, citing the story of the charity given to Barira and gifted by her to the Prophet ﷺ. 77 78 79
  • One of the women guests held that the doubts are few and do not take the banks out of being Islamic, that the fiqh academies rejected organised tawarruq as resembling 'ina even though individuals permitted it, and that some contracts may be carried out only in form because some staff do not understand their basis. 76 80 81 82 The presenter remarked that an employee's error is not the bank's doubt, and that banks thirty or forty years old are bound to make mistakes. 82 83
  • Al-Azizi said that in his view Islamic banks are interest banks differing only in form, since every increase on account of time is riba, that the first planners did not mention murabaha, and gave the example of a client who found the Islamic bank dearer than the conventional housing bank, with a mortgage besides. The presenter put to him the example of the marriage contract: the outcome is the same but the contract separates lawful from unlawful; al-Azizi answered that murabaha to the purchase orderer has no basis in fiqh. The presenter summed up that he supports the Islamic bank as an idea, not the existing banks. 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
  • Al-Banna held that Islamic banks now deal in goods rather than money, and need encouragement and purging of disputed practices such as organised tawarruq; sharia supervisory boards have a large role, and he trusts their members' knowledge and faith. The guests then debated whether such boards should be appointed or elected. 90 91 92 93
  • Salah Sultan held that "the cart came before the horse", since the banks began before their staff were trained; that the Islamic Research and Training Institute had drawn up a full model of the Islamic bank twenty-five years earlier; and that the experiment is a serious attempt in a world economy run on interest, but it resorted to easy murabaha instead of mudaraba and musharaka. He said its doubts are very few, that he trusts its sharia councils, and that he is not a member of any bank's supervisory board. 94 95 96 97
  • Al-Ghazali closed by saying these banks arose in a sea of riba and some of its dust settled on them, but they came to stay; necessity pushed them into murabaha until in many of them it exceeded 90% of their financing, and then banks, especially in the UAE, began returning to long-term investment until mudaraba and musharaka exceeded 90% in them; these are his figures. He said a depositor in an Islamic bank can be at ease, and any errors are borne by those who run it. 98 99 100 101 102 He cited the decisions of the three fiqh academies forbidding bank interest: Egypt's Islamic Research Academy at its second session in 1965, the Fiqh Academy of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference at its ninth session in 1985, and the Muslim World League's academy in Makka in 1406 AH (1985). 103 104 105

The presenter closed the first episode by saying a fiqh academy has about a hundred and twenty members, scholars, economists and merchants, that the guests differed over Islamic banks but agreed that conventional banks deal in riba, that Islamic banks need correction, development and purging, and that the differences between them and conventional banks are fundamental, touching the lawful and the unlawful. 106 107 108

Second episode: size and growth as the presenter gave them

The presenter said the Islamic economy is the fastest-growing in the world, that Islamic banks and financial institutions number more than three hundred in more than sixty countries and manage more than a trillion dollars, correcting after the break that a trillion is a thousand billion, not a thousand million; he said these were the latest figures he had read about two years earlier. 109 110 111 112 He said their growth reaches 34% a year, and that global banks such as Citigroup, Chase Manhattan and a Hong Kong bank opened branches or institutions run on the Islamic system; these are his figures. 112 113

Second episode: where would you buy the car?

The presenter asked the young audience: to buy a car in instalments, would you buy by murabaha from an Islamic bank, from a conventional bank, or feel no difference? Sixty-five percent chose the Islamic bank, 3% the conventional, and 32% said no difference; he noted that those present love their religion and the figures do not represent society as a whole. 114 4 115 He asked viewers by text message which banks give better banking service; the result was not read out. 116 117

  • A woman student said the Islamic bank, even with a few doubts, is better than the outright forbidden, and a young man said he would choose it even if it profited more from him, to avoid the forbidden, adding that any wrong in it is on the scholars' heads. 118 119 Another saw no difference, since both take an increase, and a third was not convinced that the bank owning the car changes the ruling. 120 121 The presenter restated the two differences, ownership and a price fixed after the contract, and one guest noted that some Islamic banks do not keep to the second. 122 123 124

Second episode: the doubts again

  • Muhammad Baraka, managing editor of the newspaper al-Mal, said the difference between the two contracts is clear from the sharia point of view, not merely a matter of name. 124 125 126
  • Al-Azizi repeated that there is no difference but the name, since the calculation is the same, cited Jamal al-Din Atiyya, and named one merit he sees in the interest bank: early repayment reduces the interest, whereas the Islamic bank holds the client to the full price. 127 128 129 130
  • The presenter replied that he had read thirty works of tafsir that take the sale which the people of the Jahiliyya likened to riba to be the deferred sale, and that God permitted sale despite the resemblance. 131 132 133 Al-Azizi answered that Abu Zahra and most scholars take the verse as restricted, since many sales are forbidden. 134 135
  • The presenter set out his argument from the pillars of sale: seller, buyer, good and price. In negotiation the seller may set ten for cash and twelve for a year; once they sign, the price is settled and does not change. In the conventional bank they agree on a price that changes with the term, so the pillar of price is never settled. 136 137 138 139 140 141 Al-Azizi insisted that an increase built into the price is like an open one, and reported al-Albani as saying murabaha contains two stratagems. 142 143 144
  • Husayn Shahata, professor of Islamic economics at al-Azhar University and adviser to many banks, said the confusion is between a loan contract and a sale contract: a loan at interest is forbidden by consensus of the jurists, and that is what the conventional bank does; the Islamic bank buys and takes ownership of the good and resells it at an increase called profit. He cited the verse on debts, said the cash price and the deferred price are both prices, and that the method of calculating profit is an arithmetic technique that is neither lawful nor unlawful in itself. 145 146 147 148 149 150
  • Salah Sultan held that the Islamic bank uses money to trade in goods, whereas the conventional bank trades in money itself, and that a sale whose price changes is forbidden not as riba but as gharar, uncertainty in one of its pillars. 151 152 153
  • Al-Ghazali said this transaction is a sale in the Islamic bank and a debt in the interest bank, no more and no less. 154 155

Second episode: can riba be abolished?

The presenter asked the young audience whether riba could be abolished and an Islamic economy set up in their own country: 12% said immediately, 31% gradually, and 57% said it is impossible while the world economy runs on interest. 156 157 158 He reminded them that Iran, Sudan and Pakistan abolished riba by their own definition, and that in 1975 there was only one Islamic bank in the world, while assets have since reached a trillion dollars, and urged them to keep hope. 159 160 161

  • Hamid al-Attar said it is quite possible, but not at once, because states need time to settle their debts. 161 162 Rajab Abu Mulayh said permissibility is the rule and riba the exception, cited al-Ghazali's experience in converting Pakistan's economy, and called for an immediate decision carried out gradually. 163 164
  • Muhammad Baraka was cautious, starting from reality: the single Gulf currency, he said, had its date moved from 2010 to 2015, and Muslim states are in debt. 165 166 167
  • Al-Azizi held the change possible on condition that those running the banks are not the owners of the capital and that sharia auditors are elected and hold real authority; he told of "Dr al-Najjar's" savings bank in Egypt between 1963 and 1967, which he said opened nine branches and made large profits before it was closed; this is his account. 168 169 170 171
  • Salah Sultan said Bahrain has hundreds of Islamic institutions, and that the world system watches the Islamic economy closely, which he took as a sign that it is a healthy phenomenon. 172 173
  • Al-Ghazali held that the Islamic economy is an integrated system of which the prohibition of riba and the payment of zakat are two pillars, that Britain changed its law to allow Islamic banks, that America has thirty-six Islamic financial institutions, and that Japan gave zero-interest loans between 1999 and 2001 to lift its economy out of recession; these are his figures. 174 175 176 177

Second episode: social role and efficiency

The presenter said he was troubled that no one had spoken of development, solving poverty and encouraging the young to start projects, and asked the audience to compare Islamic with conventional banks in improving society: 24% said they are better, 27% the same, and 49% weaker. 178 179 180 5

  • Muhammad Baraka said about 80% of services to small and medium enterprises in Egypt came through conventional banks, especially via the Social Fund for Development, and that there is no difference today in service standards between the two; the presenter counted this an achievement for Islamic banks given their short life. 181 182 183
  • Al-Azizi said Islamic banks were planned to rest on musharaka and mudaraba and arose to help the poor and the young, but they now finance the rich, their service is ordinary like the rest, and he called for an academy to qualify their staff. 184 185 186 187 188
  • The presenter introduced Bahrain as the country with the most Islamic banks in the world, by number and by assets, and home to the supervisory and standards bodies. 189 190 Salah Sultan held that their moral achievement is to have shown that the interest economy can be challenged, that they attracted capital and financed small projects, and told how a deputy chairman of Faisal Islamic Bank offered at a 1993 seminar to farm large areas with wheat and received no answer; this is his account. He said he is not satisfied with their service compared with world standards. 190 191 192 193
  • Husayn Shahata said that among the Islamic banks' main achievements is the revival of zakat through funds in every bank, and interest-free loan funds in some, and that the Egyptian Saudi Finance Bank financed small projects through musharaka and mudaraba. 194 195 196
  • Al-Ghazali held that Islamic banks' financing is governed by economic feasibility, not project size, that they are development banks at root, reported a World Bank and IMF study calling them a positive phenomenon, said they resorted to murabaha in the first phase out of necessity, having arisen in a hostile environment without a central bank to protect them, and that training in them is a duty. 197 198 199 200 201 202

The presenter's conclusion

Al-Suwaidan said half of the Gulf economies are expected to be run through Islamic banks and financial institutions within ten years, a forecast he gave as his own, that Islamic banks began unsteadily and have entered a phase of correction, and asked that criticism of them be taken as the criticism of those who love them. 203 204 He said their services have lately become equal to conventional banks' or sometimes better, and listed four things by which whoever focuses on them overcomes competitors in material terms: training, technology, service before, during and after the sale, and innovation. 205 206 He held that Islamic banks have crossed the bridge and succeeded, and that the question now is how to guarantee that they are Islamic and pure, that they achieve, and that wealth does not circulate only among the rich but serves the development of society and the young; he called this the middle way. 207 208

The figures and forecasts on this page are those of the speakers in the two episodes and have not been checked by the museum. The vote results are the opinions of each episode's studio audience, not representative surveys. See also Riba.

Opinions on the question

The question: What is the real difference between an Islamic bank and a conventional bank, are the existing Islamic banks free of riba and legal stratagems, and how efficient are they and what part do they play in developing society?

First opinion · Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni: the fiqh academies as cited by Abd al-Hamid al-GhazaliMain reference

bank interest is forbidden riba, taken or given, and a collective decision is not set aside for an individual opinion. 104
More opinions (5)

Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni: al-Ghazali, Husayn Shahata and Salah SultanMain reference

the Islamic bank sells a good it owns at a fixed price, the conventional bank lends at interest; the difference is fundamental. 147

Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni: Muhammad al-AziziMain reference

the existing Islamic banks differ from interest banks only in form; what is needed is an Islamic bank without stratagems. 84

Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni: Muhammad al-Banna and a woman guestMain reference

few doubts, to be purged, organised tawarruq first. 91

The presenter Tareq al-Suwaidan's view (speaker's opinion), within the Sunni frame viewOther opinion

the difference is fundamental, in ownership and a fixed price; Islamic banks have succeeded and need correction and a development role. 139

Academic view (not yet sourced) viewSecondary opinion

academic studies of Islamic banking have not yet been added to this entry.

Connections

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Subject of
Al-Wasatiyya (panel programme)

People and things also explored

Democracy and the Sharia — compatibility and conflict· The 'new preachers' — between renewal and innovation· Arab satellite channels — evaluating the experiment· Art between commitment and freedom· Fatwa on the satellite channels — its benefit and harm· Fatwa between freedom and monopoly· Emigration to the West — hope or pain (the brain drain)· Scientific miracles in the Qur'an and Sunna — fact or exaggeration

Sources

  1. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:09:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  2. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:31:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  3. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:54:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  4. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:09:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
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  6. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:15:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  7. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  8. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
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  10. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  11. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:02:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  12. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:03:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  13. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:03:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  14. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:04:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
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  21. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:11:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
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  34. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:19:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  35. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:19:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  36. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:32:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  37. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:20:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  38. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:20:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
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  40. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:22:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  41. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:23:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  42. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:24:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  43. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:24:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  44. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:25:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  45. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:25:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  46. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:26:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  47. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:26:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  48. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:27:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  49. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:31:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  50. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:32:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  51. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:33:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  52. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:34:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  53. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:35:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  54. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:36:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  55. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:37:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  56. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:38:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  57. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:38:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  58. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:39:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  59. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:40:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  60. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:40:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  61. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:41:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  62. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:41:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  63. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:42:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  64. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:43:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  65. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:44:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  66. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:45:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  67. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:45:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  68. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:46:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  69. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:47:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  70. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:48:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  71. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:49:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  72. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:49:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  73. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  74. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:57:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  75. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:58:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  76. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:58:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  77. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:56:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  78. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:56:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  79. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:57:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  80. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:59:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  81. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 00:59:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  82. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:00:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  83. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  84. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  85. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:02:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  86. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:03:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  87. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:04:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  88. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:04:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  89. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:05:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  90. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:05:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  91. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:06:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  92. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:06:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  93. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:08:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  94. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:08:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  95. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:09:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  96. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:09:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  97. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:10:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  98. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:12:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  99. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:12:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  100. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:13:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  101. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:14:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  102. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:14:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  103. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:16:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  104. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:17:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  105. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:17:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  106. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:18:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  107. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:19:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  108. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 34, at 01:19:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  109. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  110. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  111. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:07:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  112. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:07:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  113. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:08:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  114. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:03:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  115. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:10:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  116. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:04:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  117. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:04:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  118. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:10:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  119. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:11:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  120. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:11:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  121. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:12:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  122. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:13:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  123. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:13:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  124. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:14:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  125. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:14:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  126. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:15:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  127. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:16:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  128. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:17:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  129. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:17:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  130. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:18:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  131. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:18:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  132. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:19:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  133. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:19:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  134. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:20:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  135. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:20:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  136. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:21:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  137. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:22:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  138. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:23:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  139. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:24:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  140. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:24:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  141. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:25:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  142. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:26:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  143. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:26:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  144. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:27:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  145. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:29:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  146. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:29:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  147. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:30:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  148. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:31:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  149. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:32:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  150. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:32:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  151. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:33:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  152. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:34:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  153. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:34:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  154. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:35:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  155. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:35:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  156. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:37:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  157. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:40:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  158. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:41:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  159. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:42:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  160. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:43:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  161. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:44:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  162. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:44:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  163. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:45:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  164. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:45:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  165. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:46:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  166. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:46:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  167. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:47:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  168. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:47:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  169. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:48:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  170. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:48:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  171. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:49:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  172. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:49:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  173. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:50:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  174. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:51:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  175. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:52:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  176. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:52:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  177. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:53:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  178. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:54:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  179. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:55:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  180. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 00:56:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  181. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:02:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  182. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:03:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  183. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:04:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  184. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:04:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  185. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:06:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  186. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:06:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  187. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:07:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  188. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:07:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  189. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:08:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  190. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:09:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  191. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:09:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  192. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:10:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  193. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:13:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  194. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:13:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  195. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:14:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  196. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:14:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  197. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:16:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  198. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:16:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  199. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:17:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  200. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:17:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  201. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:18:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  202. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:19:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  203. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:20:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  204. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:21:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  205. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:21:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  206. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:22:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  207. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:22:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  208. Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Al Wassitiya, episode 35, at 01:23:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Islamic banks and conventional banks — the difference, the doubts and the performance”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/al-bunuk-al-islamiyya/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-01.

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Democracy and the Sharia — compatibility and conflict

The 'Al-Wasatiyya' episode on democracy and Islam. The audience voted: 16% saw it conflicting with the sharia, 42% saw no conflict, 42% partial conflict. On the Islamists' record in it: 40% successful, 60% failed. Azzam al-Tamimi distilled the issue by splitting democracy into a procedural arm (elections, oversight, rights — unproblematic for the panel) and a philosophical legislative arm (the real dispute), insisting no recognised Western philosopher makes secularism a prerequisite of democracy.