The inner enemy

العدو الداخلي

Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy lists the enemies that work against a person, among them a soul that commands evil, a dominant desire and an overpowering anger. He names four enemies, Iblis, the world, the self and desire, and holds that a servant is helped to guard against them when he is with God.

Depth

At a glance

Region
Global / Diaspora
Review

Ethics and character

Summary

The Sheikh lists enemies that work against a person, among them a soul that commands evil, a dominant desire and an overpowering anger. 1 He names four enemies, Iblis, the world, the self and desire, and says that God grants the servant success in guarding against them when he is with God (needs_source: this passage is garbled in the transcript). 2 3

The enemies he lists

The Sheikh lists, among a person's enemies, a soul that commands evil, a show of religiosity (needs_source: the phrase is unclear in the transcript), a dominant desire and an overpowering anger. 1 The same list continues with a companion who does not counsel him and an enemy who never tires of hostility, but the transcript does not render this part clearly (needs_source). 1

The four enemies

The Sheikh says that the enemies of the servant are four: Iblis, the world, the self and desire. 2 He says that God grants the servant success in guarding against these four when he is with God (needs_source: the passage is garbled in the transcript). 3

The same four in another lesson

In another lesson the Sheikh names the same four enemies: Iblis, the world, the self and desire. 4

People and things also explored

Ada' al-dayn (paying a debt: its ruling, the manner of payment, insolvency and the debts of the dead)· Ada' al-shahada (performing testimony: the duty on request, the excused witness, and the wording)· Manners of the Qur'an bearer· Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Adha (harm of a slight kind: removing harmful things and the duty not to harm)· Justice and grace (adl wal-fadl)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God

Sources

  1. Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Sharh Ketab Al Fawaed, episode 2, at 00:10:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  2. Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Sharh Ketab Al Fawaed, episode 3, at 01:27:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  3. Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Sharh Ketab Al Fawaed, episode 3, at 01:27:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
  4. Assabile archive of Omar Abdelkafy's lectures (audio and video) , Sharh Ketab Al Fawaed, episode 6, at 00:16:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The inner enemy”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/al-aduww-al-dakhili/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-25.

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Related

Ada' al-dayn (paying a debt: its ruling, the manner of payment, insolvency and the debts of the dead)

Paying a debt in the form owed is obligatory by consensus. A debt due now must be paid on demand when the debtor can pay; a deferred debt is not due before its term. Payment is made in like items, with value owed where there is no like; a better payment is allowed when unconditioned. Remission, gift, assignment, set-off and settlement take the place of payment. A solvent debtor who refuses is compelled, imprisoned and his apparent property sold; the majority hold that a bankrupt is put under interdiction and his property divided among creditors, against Abu Hanifa. The insolvent is given respite, and his debt may be paid from zakat if he borrowed for himself in a lawful matter. A dead person's debt attaches to his estate and takes precedence over bequests and inheritance.