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60-second explainers

the Crusades the Hijra the five pillars the prayer the battle of Badr the first revelation the conquest of Mecca Baghdad Mecca Medina Jerusalem Cordoba Timbuktu Cairo Delhi Istanbul Saladin Mansa Musa Fatima al-Fihri al-Khwarizmi Ibn Sina Ibn Rushd al-Ghazali Sinan the Kaaba the Dome of the Rock al-Aqsa the Umayyad Mosque Ibn Battuta The Great Mosque of Cordoba The Alhambra The Süleymaniye Mosque The Blue Mosque The Hijri calendar Algebra Astronomy Islamic calligraphy Fasting Ramadan Zakat The House of Wisdom Damascus The Rise of Islam Baghdad and the Silk Roads Al-Andalus The Mongols and After The Five Pillars in Daily Life Islamic Art and Architecture The Life of the Prophet Muhammad The Qur'an as a Text The Ottomans and the Gunpowder Empires Four Muslim Cities Before 1500 The Hajj Network

52

List the items in words
  1. the Crusades
  2. the Hijra
  3. the five pillars
  4. the prayer
  5. the battle of Badr
  6. the first revelation
  7. the conquest of Mecca
  8. Baghdad
  9. Mecca
  10. Medina
  11. Jerusalem
  12. Cordoba
  13. Timbuktu
  14. Cairo
  15. Delhi
  16. Istanbul
  17. Saladin
  18. Mansa Musa
  19. Fatima al-Fihri
  20. al-Khwarizmi
  21. Ibn Sina
  22. Ibn Rushd
  23. al-Ghazali
  24. Sinan
  25. the Kaaba
  26. the Dome of the Rock
  27. al-Aqsa
  28. the Umayyad Mosque
  29. Ibn Battuta
  30. The Great Mosque of Cordoba
  31. The Alhambra
  32. The Süleymaniye Mosque
  33. The Blue Mosque
  34. The Hijri calendar
  35. Algebra
  36. Astronomy
  37. Islamic calligraphy
  38. Fasting Ramadan
  39. Zakat
  40. The House of Wisdom
  41. Damascus
  42. The Rise of Islam
  43. Baghdad and the Silk Roads
  44. Al-Andalus
  45. The Mongols and After
  46. The Five Pillars in Daily Life
  47. Islamic Art and Architecture
  48. The Life of the Prophet Muhammad
  49. The Qur'an as a Text
  50. The Ottomans and the Gunpowder Empires
  51. Four Muslim Cities Before 1500
  52. The Hajj Network

Decision cards

Words or symbols for algebra? Defend or negotiate? The observatory or the hospital? Publish or withhold for Ibn Rushd? The caravan or the army? The book market or the goods market? Fund translation or original writing? Keep the kufic or adopt the naskh? Widen the mosque or build the library? Invasion or counter-war? Helping or studying? Walls or water for Damascus? Gold or plain stone for the Dome? The market or the library first? The chair or seclusion for al-Ghazali? The long safe road or the short risky one? Should the Muslims leave Mecca? Medicine or philosophy first for Ibn Sina? Free ornament or disciplined geometry? Accept the terms or fight to the end? Indian digits or Arabic letters? Spend on gifts or on building? Punishment or pardon at the conquest of Mecca? Submit or resist for Baghdad? Storm the walls or besiege Constantinople? Pray at the hour's start or with the company? Prayer with the group or alone on a journey? Fast on the road or postpone it? The sirah as chronicle or lessons? Hide the manuscripts or share them? Hide the zakat or give it openly?

31

List the items in words
  1. Words or symbols for algebra?
  2. Defend or negotiate?
  3. The observatory or the hospital?
  4. Publish or withhold for Ibn Rushd?
  5. The caravan or the army?
  6. The book market or the goods market?
  7. Fund translation or original writing?
  8. Keep the kufic or adopt the naskh?
  9. Widen the mosque or build the library?
  10. Invasion or counter-war?
  11. Helping or studying?
  12. Walls or water for Damascus?
  13. Gold or plain stone for the Dome?
  14. The market or the library first?
  15. The chair or seclusion for al-Ghazali?
  16. The long safe road or the short risky one?
  17. Should the Muslims leave Mecca?
  18. Medicine or philosophy first for Ibn Sina?
  19. Free ornament or disciplined geometry?
  20. Accept the terms or fight to the end?
  21. Indian digits or Arabic letters?
  22. Spend on gifts or on building?
  23. Punishment or pardon at the conquest of Mecca?
  24. Submit or resist for Baghdad?
  25. Storm the walls or besiege Constantinople?
  26. Pray at the hour's start or with the company?
  27. Prayer with the group or alone on a journey?
  28. Fast on the road or postpone it?
  29. The sirah as chronicle or lessons?
  30. Hide the manuscripts or share them?
  31. Hide the zakat or give it openly?

Source Detective

Ali ibn Abi Talib was among the earliest who narrated and taught. The sources recount the day of Badr as a decisive day. The House of Wisdom was the centre of the translation movement in Baghdad. Ibn Battuta covered record distances across three decades. Delhi entered the learned network of the Muslim world under the sultans. The Dome of the Rock shows centuries of rebuilding and care. The Prophet entered Mecca in 8 AH with pardon, not vengeance. Fatima al-Fihri founded the oldest standing university through a waqf. Al-Ghazali's turn from teaching to Sufism is documented in his own account. The Hijra was the turning point in early Islamic history. The text of the Hudaybiyya treaty shows how the negotiations ran. The Canon of Medicine stayed a reference in Europe for centuries. Istanbul became a major Muslim centre after 1453. Al-Khwarizmi established algebra as a science bearing its own name. Imam Malik relied on the practice of Medina, transmitted by the Companions' own students. Mansa Musa's hajj showed the world West Africa's wealth. The Muwatta is among the earliest surviving compiled hadith books. The hadith of al-Nawawi's Forty reached us through named chains hadith scholars verify. Revelation began in the cave of Hira nearly forty lunar years before the Hijra. The fast of Ramadan was prescribed by consensus without dispute. The sources document the rulings of zakat in detail from the first generation.

21

List the items in words
  1. Ali ibn Abi Talib was among the earliest who narrated and taught.
  2. The sources recount the day of Badr as a decisive day.
  3. The House of Wisdom was the centre of the translation movement in Baghdad.
  4. Ibn Battuta covered record distances across three decades.
  5. Delhi entered the learned network of the Muslim world under the sultans.
  6. The Dome of the Rock shows centuries of rebuilding and care.
  7. The Prophet entered Mecca in 8 AH with pardon, not vengeance.
  8. Fatima al-Fihri founded the oldest standing university through a waqf.
  9. Al-Ghazali's turn from teaching to Sufism is documented in his own account.
  10. The Hijra was the turning point in early Islamic history.
  11. The text of the Hudaybiyya treaty shows how the negotiations ran.
  12. The Canon of Medicine stayed a reference in Europe for centuries.
  13. Istanbul became a major Muslim centre after 1453.
  14. Al-Khwarizmi established algebra as a science bearing its own name.
  15. Imam Malik relied on the practice of Medina, transmitted by the Companions' own students.
  16. Mansa Musa's hajj showed the world West Africa's wealth.
  17. The Muwatta is among the earliest surviving compiled hadith books.
  18. The hadith of al-Nawawi's Forty reached us through named chains hadith scholars verify.
  19. Revelation began in the cave of Hira nearly forty lunar years before the Hijra.
  20. The fast of Ramadan was prescribed by consensus without dispute.
  21. The sources document the rulings of zakat in detail from the first generation.