Glossary — the Umayyad Mosque

Damascus
the Umayyad Mosque's city, at the heart of the land of Syria
al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik
the Umayyad caliph who built it in Damascus in the year 715
715
the completion year under the caliph al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik
John the Baptist
the prophet whose church stood on the mosque's site before it
the mosaics
its golden mosaics picturing scenes of paradise and its rivers
without faces
its style, which avoided faces and living souls in all the imagery
the Kufic
its early Arabic script, in which the founding inscription was written
the courtyard
its open courtyard that gathered generations of worshippers across the centuries
the square minaret
its square minaret rising over its court, in the old Syrian style
the fires
its fires, which destroyed it and saw it rebuilt time and again
the church
John's church that stood before it on the very same spot
the Roman temple
the Romans' temple that stood before the church, before both

60-second explainer · Practice set