- Badr
- the spot between Mecca and Medina where the great clash happened in 624 CE
- the Quraysh
- Mecca's ruling tribe that led the opposition to the new call for years
- the Day of the Criterion
- the Qur'an's name for Badr's day when truth was marked from falsehood
- the caravan
- the Quraysh trade caravan returning from Syria their army marched to protect
- the captives
- the captives of the battle, some freed for ransom or for teaching Muslims
- Medina
- the city that became the call's center after the Hijra and from which the battle set out
- Uhud
- the hill near Medina where a second battle came a year after Badr
- Khaybar
- the oasis north of Medina that fell to Muslims years after Badr
- the conquest of Mecca
- the Prophet's victorious entry into Mecca in 630, the end of the struggle begun at Badr
- Ramadan
- the month the battle fell in — the Muslims were fasting as they fought
- the three hundred
- the rough count of Muslim fighters at Badr, a few facing a thousand
- the second year
- the second Hijri year that held the battle and in which fortunes changed
