Hamengkubuwono VIII

Hamengkubuwono VIII (3 March 1880 – 22 October 1939), also spelled Hamengkubuwana VIII, was the eighth Sultan of Yogyakarta, reigning from 8 February 1921 until his death. Born Gusti Raden Mas Sujadi, he was a son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII and his second queen consort, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas. No Arabic or Urdu Wikipedia article exists for him; this account is written from the English and Indonesian articles and the Wikidata item. ^{1 2 3}

He was appointed crown prince, with the title Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom, in 1895. His full regnal style, as the articles record it, styles him "Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Kalifatullah" — religious titles borne by the Yogyakarta crown rather than statements of personal affiliation, and they are recorded here as titles only. ^{1 2}

Under his rule Yogyakarta saw rapid progress in education and health, and he had many of the palace buildings rehabilitated, among them the Bangsal Pagelaran, the Siti Hinggil and the Danapratapa gate, and the Great Mosque; several court dances were created in his time and the standardisation of classical Yogyakarta dance began. He educated many of his twenty-four sons to university level, a number of them in the Netherlands. ^{1 2}

The English article, citing Ricklefs's history of modern Indonesia, counts him among the first to support Ahmad Dahlan in the formation of the Muhammadiyah organisation; the Indonesian article describes the same support as a form of his loyalty to Islam. That is patronage of an organisation, and neither article names a school of Islam for the sultan himself; the Indonesian infobox's religion field is left deliberately blank, and Wikidata gives Islam in general. His school is therefore not recorded. ^{1 2 3}

In 1939 he recalled his son Raden Mas Dorodjatun from his studies in the Netherlands and, at Batavia, handed him the kris of Kyai Ageng Joko Piturun as the sign that he would succeed. He died on 22 October 1939: the English article places his death at Panti Rapih Hospital in Yogyakarta, while the Indonesian article records that he died in the train near Wates on the journey home, with other sources placing the death in the same hospital after he fell ill on the train. He was buried in the Saptarengga mausoleum at Imogiri, and his son succeeded him as Hamengkubuwono IX. ^{1 2}

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