محمود سامي البارودي

Mahmud Sami Pasha ibn Hasan Bey Husni al-Barudi al-Misri (1839–1904 CE), a poet and politician. Al-Zirikli describes him as "the first to lift Arabic poetry from its decline" in his age, and as one of the brave commanders. ¹

He was born and died in Egypt. He studied at the military school, went to Istanbul and mastered Persian and Turkish, and wrote poems in both. He travelled to France and England and saw their military experience. He returned to Egypt and held posts that ended with his presidency of the ministers, and then he resigned. ¹

When the Urabi revolt broke out he was among the rebels, and he was exiled to the island of Ceylon. He spent seventeen years there, learned English, and lost his sight. He was pardoned in 1317 AH and returned to Egypt. ¹

Al-Zirikli holds that his poetry may be taken as a model of fine Egyptian styles after a long time of decline in Arabic verse. He has a Diwan of Poetry in two volumes, and Mukhtarat al-Barudi in four volumes. ¹

The year of his death in the Gregorian calendar (1904 CE) is converted from 1322 AH, and the conversion is derived.