Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha

Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1855 – 1922) was an Ottoman statesman and administrator, Inspector-General of Macedonia from 1902 to 1908, Interior Minister in Kâmil Pasha's cabinet, and twice Grand Vizier in 1909 — the last grand vizier of Abdul Hamid II and then again under Mehmed V. He ended his career as ambassador to Austria-Hungary in Vienna, where he died. ¹

Both of his dates are disputed in the sources. For the birth, the cited text tradition — the English article's body citing Aksun and Uzunçarşılı, and the Turkish article — gives September 1855 on Lesbos, against the 1 April 1855 of the English article's lead and of one Wikidata value; this record follows September 1855. For the death, the English article's body and Wikidata give 1922, while the Turkish article, citing the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, gives April 1923 at Vienna; this record follows 1922 and preserves the other reading. ^{1 2 3}

He was born at Sarlıca on Lesbos to a Turkish merchant family of Kütahya origin and partly Greek descent — an ancestor had converted to Islam — and was educated on the island, including madrasa studies, learning fluent French and meeting the exiled Namık Kemal. He rose from a registry clerkship through postings at Mersin, Karak, Nablus and the governorships of Adana (1897) and Yemen (1902) to the Inspectorate-General of Rumelia in November 1902, with charge of the Salonica, Kosovo and Monastir vilayets; his competent administration there and his tolerance of Unionist activity won him the CUP's trust. ¹

After the 1908 revolution he became Interior Minister under Kâmil Pasha, then Grand Vizier from 14 February to 13 April 1909 — the first term cut short by the 31 March Incident — and again from 5 May to 28 December 1909. He later served as Minister of Justice and, from October 1912, as ambassador in Vienna, a post he held to the end of the First World War. Ill health kept him in Vienna until his death; he was buried at Beşiktaş in Istanbul. ¹

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