Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil

Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil (1866 – 27 March 1945) was a Turkish novelist and writer, born at Istanbul and died there. ^{1 2} Wikidata carries three birth values for him (12 February 1865, 1 January 1867, and the year 1866); this entry follows the three articles, which agree on the year 1866. ³ He was the leading novelist of the Edebiyat-ı Cedide (New Literature) movement and its journal Servet-i Fünun; his best-known works are Mai ve Siyah (1897), Aşk-ı Memnu (1900) and Kırık Hayatlar (1923). ¹

Halit Ziya was born at Istanbul in 1866 to a merchant family originally from Uşak; when his father's business failed, the family moved to İzmir in 1879, where he was educated and learned French at an Armenian Catholic school. ^{1 4} He published early pieces in Hazine-i Evrak under the pen name Mehmet Halid and founded the newspaper Hizmet at İzmir in 1886. ^{2 1} From 1896 he wrote for Servet-i Fünun at the centre of the renewal movement; his Kırık Hayatlar was censored under Abdülhamid II in 1901 and published in full only in 1923, and he was an outspoken critic of that reign. ¹ He spent his last years at San Stefano — whose new name, Yeşilköy, he himself proposed in 1926 — and died at Istanbul on 27 March 1945. ¹

His novels include Nemide (1889), Bir Ölünün Defteri (1889), Ferdi ve Şürekâsı (1894), Mai ve Siyah (1897), Aşk-ı Memnu (1900) and Kırık Hayatlar (1923). ¹ Aşk-ı Memnu was adapted in our time into a widely exported television series that carried its author's name far beyond Turkey. ¹

This section is read as a presentation of positions reported from the sources, not as a verdict of the museum.

The sources describe him as an outspoken critic of Abdülhamid II whose works met that sultan's censorship — documented political and literary positions. ¹ No source names a religious school for the man himself: none of the four articles carries a religion field or discusses his personal religion, and Wikidata gives only the generic value Islam, so his school is left unnamed in this entry. ³

• The English, Turkish, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, and Wikidata item Q1366693. ^{1 2 4 5 3}