al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah Muhammad ibn al-Mahdi

Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn al-Mahdi Ubayd Allah, the second of the rulers of the Ubaydid state. He took the affair after his father's death in the days of the Abbasid al-Radi, died in the days of al-Muti', and was succeeded by his son al-Mansur billah Isma'il. This is from al-Suyuti's account, which calls the state "Ubaydid". ¹

Al-Suyuti says that he went to Egypt before that, took most of Upper Egypt, and his armies took the island from Fustat. ¹

Al-Suyuti relates from his critics that he was worse than his father, that he openly cursed the prophets, that his herald called for cursing the cave and what it contained, and that he killed a number of scholars. These are sayings attributed to his critics. ²

Ibn al-Athir says that he dug trenches around the suburbs of al-Mahdiyya at the end of Rabi al-Akhir 333 AH, when Abu Yazid seized Kairouan, and wrote to Ziri ibn Manad and the chiefs of Kutama urging them to gather to fight him. ³

Ibn Khaldun relates that the Kharijite Abu Yazid came out in his days on his donkey, titled "Shaykh of the Believers", and took all the Maghrib except Fez, and plundered and burned Bajah. ⁴

• All the sources here are Sunni, not Fatimid; the data contain no Fatimid source, which needs an additional source.