The Building of Tarsus

بناء طرسوس

c. April 788 CE · Rabi' II 172 AH

Tarsus

In al-Baladhuri from al-Waqidi: al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba al-Ta'i raided Byzantine lands in year 162 with the men of Khurasan, Mosul and Syria, Yemenite reinforcements and the volunteers of Iraq and the Hijaz, setting out by way of Tarsus, and reported to al-Mahdi the great benefit for Islam in building, fortifying and manning it and the check and vexation it would give the enemy — al-Hasan having fought so well on that raid and harried the Byzantine land that they named him the Shaytan; coming out of Byzantine territory he camped at Tarsus's meadow and rode to the ruined city, circling it on every side and reckoning its capacity at a hundred thousand; he described it to al-Mahdi and likewise told him of al-Hadath, rousing him to build it, so al-Mahdi ordered him to build Tarsus beginning with al-Hadath city, which was built, and charged him with Tarsus; in year 171 al-Rashid heard the Byzantines had conspired to go to Tarsus to fortify and man it, so he sent the summer raid of year 171 under Harthama ibn A'yan ordering him to settle, build and fortify it, putting the work in the hands of Faraj ibn Sulaym the eunuch at his command, and Abu Sulaym marched him to Madinat al-Salam whence he mustered the first levy of Khurasanis — three thousand men — who entered Tarsus, then a second levy of two thousand — a thousand of Masisa's people and a thousand of Antioch's, each man on a ten-dinar increase over his pay — who camped with the first levy at al-Mada'in at the Jihad gate at the opening of Muharram year 172 until Tarsus's building, fortification and mosque were complete; Faraj surveyed from river to river four thousand lots, each twenty cubits square, granted the Tarsusis their lots, and the two levies settled it in Rabi' II year 172; Abd al-Malik ibn Salih had appointed Yazid ibn Makhlad al-Fazari over it, whom the Khurasanis expelled in resentment for the Hubayriyya, and Abu al-Fawaris replaced him, confirmed in 170-and-odd.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Early Abbasid Caliphate
Region
Levant & Iraq
Review
Draft Completeness 2/5 · Help complete it

In time

780790800 c.
The Early Abbasid Caliphate

Overview

Al-Baladhuri, from al-Waqidi, reports that al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba raided the land of the Romans in 162 AH, and informed al-Mahdi of the value of building and fortifying Tarsus. 1

Exploration

Al-Hasan distinguished himself in that raid, so that they called him "the devil". When he left the land of the Romans, he looked at the city and it was in ruins, and he estimated the number of those who would live in it at a hundred thousand. Al-Mahdi ordered him to begin with the city of al-Hadath, and advised that Tarsus be built. 2

The building

In 171 AH word reached al-Rashid that the Romans had resolved to go out against Tarsus, so he sent the summer raid under Harthama ibn Ayan and ordered him to build and fortify it. The matter was carried out by the hand of Faraj ibn Sulaym. 2

Faraj brought the first levy from the people of Khurasan, three thousand men, then a second, two thousand men from Massisa and Antioch. He surveyed the land between river and river and it came to four thousand plots, each twenty cubits by the same. 2

The two levies settled in Tarsus in the middle of Rabi al-Akhir 172 AH, and the building of the mosque was completed. 3

The conversion to the Gregorian calendar is derived.

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba al-Ta'i· Faraj ibn Sulaym· Harun al-Rashid· هرثمة بن أعين· Muhammad al-Mahdi
Occurred at
Tarsus
Part of
The Thughur (Frontier Marches)

People and things also explored

The Aman of Samalu and its People's Transfer to Baghdad· The Building of Madinat al-Hadath· The Building of al-Rafiqa· The Building of Sisar· Harun's Appointment of Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab over the Maghreb· Muhammad al-Mahdi· Harun al-Rashid· Bayt al-Hikma — the House of Wisdom

Sources

  1. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition) , p.231-233
  2. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition)
  3. Futuh al-Buldan — al-Baladhuri (Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition) , p.233
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The Building of Tarsus”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/founding-of-tarsus/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-16.

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Related

The Aman of Samalu and its People's Transfer to Baghdad

In al-Baladhuri: al-Mahdi sent his son Harun al-Rashid raiding in year 163 and he besieged the people of Damalu — which common speech calls Samalu — and they asked his aman, ten householders among them the qummis, which he granted on the condition that they not be separated, so they were settled in Baghdad at the Shammasiyya gate and named their quarter Samalu, which it is still known as; others say they came down on al-Mahdi's ruling — he spared them, gathered them at that spot and ordered it named Samalu; al-Rashid had those remaining in the fortress cried and sold, and an Abyssinian who used to curse al-Rashid and the Muslims was taken and crucified on one of its towers.