Tazayyun (adornment, and its rules)

Tazayyun is taking adornment. Its rule is recommendation. A man may not imitate a woman or the reverse, a man may not wear gold or silk, and a widow in her waiting period may not adorn herself. ^{1 3}

Zinah is the name for all that one adorns oneself with; in the verse it is what shows, the garments and the face's adornment. Tahassun, tajammul, tahliya and tazayyun are close terms; tahliya is putting on jewellery. ¹

The rule is recommendation, on the verse "say: who forbade the adornment God brought forth for His servants", and the hadith that God is beautiful and loves beauty. It should not be meant for pride, which is forbidden. ² Among the obligatory forms are covering the nakedness and a wife adorning herself for her husband when he asks; recommended are adornment for Friday and the festivals and dyeing grey hair; disliked for men is wearing saffron or crocus-dyed cloth; forbidden is imitating the other sex in dress and manner. ³

Men may not wear silk or gold, on the hadiths that they are forbidden to the males of my community, and that whoever wears silk in this world will not wear it in the next. Women may wear gold, silver and silk. ⁴ Imitation of the other sex in movement, speech, dress and adornment is forbidden, on the hadith cursing the men who imitate women and the women who imitate men. ^{4 9} Adorning oneself for Friday, festivals and meeting people is recommended; Aisha reports that the Prophet ﷺ would put his hair and beard in order when he went out to his brethren. ⁹

It is recommended to adorn oneself for prayer with humility before God; the best is to pray in two garments or more, and one garment is enough if nothing else is had. In ihram a woman may wear what colours and jewellery she likes, but men may not wear stitched clothing, and perfuming, shaving and trimming are forbidden in ihram. In seclusion the Hanafis, Malikis and Shafi'is allow scent and fine garments. ^{10 11}

Each spouse is recommended to adorn himself or herself for the other, on the verse "live with them in kindness". If the husband asks his wife to adorn herself, it is obligatory on her, and he may discipline her if she refuses. ^{11 5}

A widow in her waiting period may not adorn herself by agreement; a woman divorced irrevocably is so forbidden by the Hanafis and recommended to mourn by the Malikis; a woman divorced revocably may adorn herself. ⁶ Piercing a young girl's ear for an earring is allowed by most jurists. Tattooing and plucking the face are forbidden as alterations of God's creation, on the hadith cursing the tattooers and the pluckers. A woman must remove hair on her face that resembles a man's beard. ^{6 7 12}

Keeping houses clean and orderly is required; the Hanbalis forbid decorating them with silk and images. Decorating mosques with endowed funds is forbidden by the Hanafis and Hanbalis. Plastering and building on graves is disliked by agreement. ^{12 8}

A wife's adornments such as scent, henna and kohl may be sold, and the Malikis oblige the husband to supply them if she is harmed without them. The Shafi'is and Hanbalis allow hiring garments and jewellery for adornment; the Hanafis forbid it and the Malikis dislike it. Lending what can be used lawfully is allowed. ¹³