Successive inheritance (munasakha): a second heir dies before division

Munasakha is the passing of a share, when an heir dies before the estate is divided, to those who inherit from him. ^{1 2}

In the first, the second dead person's heirs inherit from the first as they would have, so the estate is divided among the living. In the second, they do not inherit from each other, so each death is counted separately. In the third, the heirs of the second are in part heirs of the first, so the sums are combined. ^{1 2 3}

The shares are combined into a common sum, each sum being reduced to its agreement or multiplied where there is no agreement, and the result is checked by adding the shares back. ^{3 4}

A man dies leaving two parents and two daughters; one daughter dies before division. The answer depends on whether the first dead person was male or female, and the case is named after Ma'mun, who asked Yahya ibn Aktham about it when he meant to appoint him judge. ^{5 5}