الناصر لدین اللہ احمد بن المستضیء

عباسی خلیفہ، جن کا عہد 575–622ھ پر محیط تھا۔ سیوطی ان کے طویل اقتدار، مختلف درباروں سے رابطوں، حدیث میں دلچسپی اور ان کی حکومت کے بارے میں مختلف مؤرخین کی آرا نقل کرتے ہیں۔

عہد · عباسی خلافت · سلسلے میں نمبر 9 · 1180–1225ء

خلافت پر حکمرانی کی

عہد کے واقعات

فتنة الحافظ عبد الغني بدمشق سنة 595

In 595 Damascus saw the fitna of the hafiz Abd al-Ghani the khatib — a man of known merits, a caller to the Sunna. The Ash'aris rose against him and licensed his killing, so he was driven out of Damascus, a fugitive.
إحراق كتب عبد السلام بن عبد القادر الجيلي وتفسيقه سنة 603

In 603 the caliph arrested al-Rukn Abd al-Salam, son of Shaykh Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani; his books were burned and he was ruled a fasiq — the same man who had informed on Ibn al-Jawzi until the latter was ruined. His obituary under 611 gives the mechanism: the wazir Ibn Yunus sealed his house and extracted volumes of the philosophers, the Rasa'il Ikhwan al-Safa, books of sorcery, narang and star-worship; read aloud was an address to Saturn — 'O luminous planet, you direct the spheres, give life and death, you are our god' — and when Abd al-Salam owned the hand, a great fire was lit beneath the mosque, Abu Bakr Ibn al-Maristaniyya read the volumes out one by one with curses on their writer and believers, and the crowd's cursing ran on to Abd al-Qadir and even Imam Ahmad; the qadi then ruled him fasiq, cast off his taylasan, and his grandfather's madrasa was taken from his father Abd al-Wahhab and entrusted to Ibn al-Jawzi.
الوقعة الكبرى على عكا

The great battle at Acre — the besieging Franks and the relieving army of Saladin in a slaughter unheard of in those days; charge and counter-charge past counting on both sides.
نقل العادل إلى حلب والملك العزيز إلى مصر

Saladin moved his brother al-Adil from Egypt to govern Aleppo, and set his son al-Malik al-Aziz Uthman over Egypt in his place.
ملك العادل الخابور ونصيبين وحصره سنجار

al-Adil took the Khabur district and Nisibis, besieged Sinjar then made peace with Nur al-Din Arslan Shah of Mosul.
حصر الأفضل دمشق وعوده عنها

Al-Afdal marched from Egypt, besieged his uncle al-Adil in Damascus, and turned back — the house-war that kept Syria and Egypt trading oaths and betrayals.
استيلاء العادل على دمشق

al-Adil's seizure of Damascus, 27 Rajab 592 — after the Asadiyya and Kurds defected from al-Aziz of Egypt to his brother al-Afdal, the Bilbays settlement gave al-Afdal Palestine while al-Adil stayed in Egypt beside al-Aziz; then uncle and nephew marched on Damascus, suborned al-Afdal's favoured amir Ibn Abi Ghalib of Homs who opened the Bab al-Sharqi at 'asr, entered while al-Afdal knew nothing, and read him the order to vacate the citadel.
ملك العادل يافا وملك الفرنج بيروت

Shawwal 593: al-Adil massed the Ayyubid armies at Ayn Jalut, stormed Jaffa's citadel in a day and took all in it as booty and captives. The German-led Frankish relief reached Caesarea too late — their king Henry of Champagne had fallen from a high place at Acre and died, throwing them into confusion. The Ayyubids then razed Beirut's walls; the Franks slipped in, reoccupied it and besieged Tibnin before withdrawing.
مناقلة حلب من الموصل إلى سنجار

In Rajab 577 al-Salih Isma'il ibn Nur al-Din died at Aleppo, having bequeathed it to his cousin Izz al-Din Mas'ud, lord of Mosul, passing over his sister's husband Imad al-Din, lord of Sinjar. Izz al-Din entered Aleppo on 20 Sha'ban. Taqi al-Din Umar, nephew of Salah al-Din, fled from Manbij to Hama, and its people rose under Izz al-Din's emblem. The Aleppo troops urged him to march on Damascus, but he refused, saying 'there is an oath between us, and we shall not betray him.' Imad al-Din then insisted on Aleppo in exchange for Sinjar and threatened to hand Sinjar over to Salah al-Din. The amirs advised yielding Aleppo to him, the most insistent among them being Mujahid al-Din Qaymaz, for fear of Izz al-Din's self-importance. So Imad al-Din took Aleppo and gave Sinjar to his brother, and Izz al-Din returned to Mosul. Salah al-Din in Egypt had found Izz al-Din's possession of Aleppo grievous; when news reached him that Imad al-Din had taken it, he set out for Syria the same day.
مسجدِ اقصیٰ کے شمالی برآمدے کی مرمت

مسجد کا شمالی برآمدہ 1217ء میں مرمت ہوا اور مشرقی و مغربی محرابی حصے 1345ء اور 1350ء میں دوبارہ بنائے گئے؛ اس طرح مسجدِ اقصیٰ بنیادی طور پر فاطمی عمارت رہی جس پر صلیبی، ایوبی اور مملوکی تفصیلات جمع ہوتی گئیں.
ذعر اجتماع الكواكب الستة في الميزان سنة 582

Al-Imad the chancery secretary records: in this year astrologers in every land agreed the world would be ruined in Sha'ban when the six planets conjoined in Libra, portending a wind like the wind of 'Ad. They frightened the Persians and the Byzantines, who dug caverns and stocked them with water and provisions. When the appointed night came — 'we were sitting with the sultan and the candles burned without stirring; we never saw a night so still'.
حصر الملك العزيز دمشق

Al-Aziz Uthman ibn Saladin came out of Egypt and besieged Damascus, then held by his brother al-Afdal; he withdrew without it.
الفتن ببغداد

Baghdad was convulsed by mob and ayyarun riots — looting and killing until order broke down.
فتن محلات بغداد سنة 601

601: Baghdad's quarters went to war over dead lions — Bab al-Azj's people killed a lion and meant to parade it triumphantly; the Ma'muniyya barred the procession and swords came out at the Great Orchard. Another lion sparked Qattafa against al-Qariyya; a quarrel set Suq al-Sultan against al-Ja'fariyya in the cemetery — until a great caliphal mamluk patrolled the city killing suspects and the quarters quieted.
قتل بكر صاحب خلاط

Bakr, lord of Khilat on Lake Van — the march where Muslims, Armenians and Georgians contested — was killed.
نهب بني عامر البصرة

Safar 588: Banu Amir under their amir Umayra stormed Basra — beating the caliphal deputy at the Maydan gate, breaching the wall by night, plundering the shore-khans, then leaving to rout Khafaja and Muntafiq and returning on Monday to finish the sack over two days while the townsfolk fled across the channels; Ibn al-Athir adds he saw the same story with his own eyes in 593.
غزوة ملك الألمان وغرقه

In 586, after the Muslim king's taking of Jerusalem alarmed him, the king of the Germans set out — a kind of Franks, the most numerous and fiercest of them — and took the road through Constantinople. The Byzantine ruler sent to Saladin to warn him and promise that he would not let him cross. When the Germans arrived, Saladin could not stop them because of their numbers, but he cut off their supplies, and provisions ran short until they crossed the strait into the realm of Qilij Arslan ibn Mas'ud the Seljuk. The Turkmen rose against them, harrying them and killing any who fell behind; it was winter, the snow lay deep, and cold, hunger and the Turkmen destroyed them. When they neared Konya, Qutb al-Din Malikshah ibn Qilij Arslan came out to block them but had no strength against them. They sent to Qilij Arslan saying they had not come against his lands but against Jerusalem; he allowed his subjects to sell them food and handed over more than twenty emirs as hostages. The German king marched to the land of the Armenians, whose ruler Lafun supplied them with food, then moved toward Antioch and camped by a river on the way, where the king went in to bathe and drowned in a spot where the water reached only to a man's waist. His son succeeded him and marched on Antioch, but the followers quarrelled: some stayed behind and some made a brother of the king their ruler. The force that went on, numbering over forty thousand, was struck by plague and death until it reached Antioch looking as though it had been dug out of graves; only about a thousand men were left, who took ship to the Franks at Acre.
معركة الفولة

Draft card for the Battle of al-Fule in 1183, Saladin's clash with the kingdom of Jerusalem in the Jezreel plain; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
615ھ ⁦(1218ء)⁩ میں قیمون کی لڑائی

The encounter of al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Isa ibn al-Adil with the Franks at al-Qaymun in Jumada II 615 AH, while the Franks were besieging Damietta. Sibt ibn al-Jawzi says he defeated them with great slaughter and took a hundred Templar knights captive, bringing them into Jerusalem with their banners reversed, on Thursday 5 Jumada II (or Wednesday), two or three days before al-Adil's death.
معركة أنطاكية على مينيدر

Draft card for the Battle of Antioch on the Meander in 1211, where the Sultan of Rum Kaykhusraw was defeated and killed by Nicaea; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
معركة أرسوف

Draft card for the Battle of Arsuf in 1191, Richard the Lionheart's victory over Saladin's army during the Third Crusade; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
معركة كوكب الهوا

Draft card for the Battle of Belvoir (Kawkab al-Hawa) in 1182, Saladin's clash with the Crusader castle's garrison in Galilee; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
615ھ ⁦(1218ء)⁩ میں بزاعہ کے قریب اشرف کے ہاتھوں سلطانِ روم کیکاؤس کی شکست

On Friday 12 Rabi' II 615 AH al-Malik al-Ashraf Musa ibn al-Adil defeated Kaykawus, sultan of Rum, who had marched on Aleppo with al-Afdal of Sumaysat, taken Ra'ban and Tell Bashir and advanced to Manbij. Al-Ashraf came back from Frankish territory to Aleppo, camped at Bab Buza'a with the Bedouin in his van, and when the vanguards met on the Sajur the Rum army broke; al-Ashraf recovered Ra'ban and Tell Bashir.
معركة عين جوزة

Draft card for the Battle of Cresson in 1187, Saladin's destruction of the Templar-Hospitaller force near Nazareth weeks before Hattin; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
وقعة حطين

معرکۂ حطین 583ھ/1187ء میں صلاح الدین کی فوجوں اور صلیبی ریاستوں کی متحدہ فوجوں کے درمیان طبریہ کے مغرب کی بلندیوں پر قرون حطین پر لڑا گیا۔ انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام اسے وہ معرکہ قرار دیتا ہے جس نے صلیبیوں کی طاقت توڑ دی؛ گرمی اور پیاس سے نڈھال کچھ فرنگی سپاہی مارے گئے، کچھ بھاگ گئے، اور باقی مشرقی چوٹی کی طرف ہٹ گئے۔ حطین کا مضمون اسے 5 جولائی 1187ء اور صلاح الدین کا مضمون ہفتہ 24 ربیع الثانی 583ھ، یعنی 4 جولائی 1187ء کا بتاتا ہے۔ اس کے بعد بہت سے شہر اور قلعے اور پھر 27 رجب 583ھ کو بیت المقدس نے ہتھیار ڈال دیے۔
معركة يافا ⁦(١١٩٢)⁩

Draft card for the Battle of Jaffa in 1192, the last action of the Third Crusade between Saladin and Richard; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
معركة يافا ⁦(١١٩٧)⁩

Draft card for the Battle of Jaffa in 1197, al-Adil's recovery of the town after the Crusaders' renewed push; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
أخذ الفرنج بيروت من المسلمين سنة 593

In 593 the Franks took Beirut back from the Muslims; its amir Izz al-Din Shama fled to Sidon.
علامہ علاء الدین ابن نفیس کی پیدائش دمشق میں، تقریباً 607ھ/1210ء

علاء الدین ابو الحسن علی بن ابی الحزم قرشی دمشقی، المعروف ابن نفیس، دمشق میں پیدا ہوئے — الاعلام لکھتی ہے: «ان کا تعلق ماوراء النہر کے گاؤں قرش سے تھا اور وہ دمشق میں پیدا ہوئے» ۔ ان کی وفات 687ھ میں تقریباً اسی سال کی عمر میں ہوئی — شذرات کے حاشیے میں «اس کی عمر چوراسی برس تھی» ہے — اس سے ولادت تقریباً 603–607ھ بنتی ہے؛ موسوعہ ان کی وفات کی عمر «تقریباً 80 قمری برس» لکھتی ہے ۔
انهزام عسكر الخليفة من السلطان طغرل

The caliph al-Nasir army was routed by Sultan Tughril III — the caliph own fosterling, raised against the atabegs until he held Rayy, Hamadan, Isfahan and Azerbaijan.
فتح الشقيف حبس جلدك

Safar 578: while the Frankish host massed at Kerak watching Saladin's march from Egypt, Izz al-Din Farrukhshah gathered the Syrian regiments and swept through the emptied Frankish lands — plundering Daburiyya and its villages — and stormed the Shaqif 'Habs Jaldak', the fortress overlooking the Sawad above Tiberias that had long tormented the Muslims; its fall broke the Franks' edge.
قتل المركيس صاحب صور

13 Rabi' II 588 (April 1192): the Marquis of Tyre — 'greatest of the Frankish devils' — was cut down by two Assassins in monks' garb who had spent six months in the households of Sidon's lord and Ibn Barzan winning his trust; wounded at a bishop's banquet, he was carried to a church where one of them, hiding inside, finished him; Ibn al-Athir reports Saladin had offered Sinan ten thousand dinars for the deed or for Richard's, and the Franks blamed the English king.
حصر العزيز دمشق والصلح على قسمة البلاد

590: al-Aziz of Egypt besieged his elder brother al-Afdal in Damascus — Ibn al-Athir was inside — until al-Adil, al-Zahir of Aleppo, Nasir al-Din of Hama, Asad al-Din Shirkuh of Homs and Mosul's army converged to hold the city, knowing their own lands were next; the settlement gave al-Aziz Jerusalem and Palestine, kept Damascus, Tiberias and the Ghawr for al-Afdal, added Jabla and Latakia to al-Zahir, and restored al-Adil's Egyptian iqta'.
الملک العادل کی وفات اور ان کے بیٹوں کی جانشینی

al-Adil died in extreme old age; al-Kamil took Egypt, al-Mu'azzam Damascus, al-Ashraf the Jazira — all deferring to al-Kamil, so the Ayyubid house held together. Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, who was present at the burial, says he fell ill on hearing that the Franks had taken the chain tower of Damietta and died at Aliqin on Friday 7 or 8 Jumada II 615; al-Mu'azzam hid the death, carried him in a litter to the citadel of Damascus and buried him there, and in 619 he was moved to his tomb by the house of al-Aqiqi.
وفاة الملك الظاهر غازي بن صلاح الدين

al-Malik al-Zahir Ghazi ibn Saladin, lord of Aleppo, died — the best and justest of the Ayyubids, Ibn al-Athir says; his infant son al-Aziz succeeded.
وفاة أتابك عز الدين مسعود صاحب الموصل

Izz al-Din Masud ibn Mawdud, atabeg of Mosul, died — after a march into al-Adil country that illness turned back. The last Mawdudid to hold Mosul in effective independence; after him the city passed to the Artuqid Baktimur and into Saladin orbit.
وفاة ابن الجوزي

In Ramadan died Abu al-Faraj Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Jawzi — the Hanbali preacher and historian of al-Muntazam whose works ran to the hundreds, the most famous waiz of the age.
وفاة ابن الخليفة الناصر

The caliph al-Nasir's son died; the caliph mourned him deeply and the elegies multiplied.
وفاة نور الدين أرسلان شاه صاحب الموصل

Nur al-Din Arslan Shah of Mosul died — Ibn al-Athir recalls his valor and notorious stinginess; his young son Izz al-Din Mas'ud II succeeded and the mamluks ruled.
وفاة صلاح الدين وتركته

In 589 sultan Salah al-Din died; the envoy reached Baghdad with his war-standard, his horse, and one dinar with thirty-six dirhams — all the wealth he left. Egypt settled for his son al-Aziz Imad al-Din Uthman, Damascus for al-Afdal Nur al-Din Ali, Aleppo for al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi.
وفاة صلاح الدين بدمشق

In Safar 589 Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadhi died at Damascus. He had ridden out to meet the pilgrims, and on his return he fell ill the same day with a severe illness that lasted eight days. Before the illness he had summoned his son al-Afdal Ali and his brother al-Malik al-Adil Abu Bakr and asked their counsel: 'We are now free of the Franks; where shall we aim?' Al-Adil advised a campaign against Khilat, where he had been promised lands; al-Afdal advised the lands of Rum held by the sons of Qilij Arslan, which were larger, had more troops, were quicker to take, and lay on the Franks' route if they came overland. Salah al-Din said: 'You are both remiss and lacking in resolve. Rather, I shall march on the lands of Rum, and you, Adil, take some of my sons and the army to Khilat; when I have finished I will come to you, and we will enter Azerbaijan and join the lands of the 'Ajam, where none will bar us.' He then let al-Adil set off for al-Karak, and Salah al-Din fell ill and died before al-Adil returned. Ibn al-Athir mentions his forbearance: a mamluk threw a sarmuz at some men and it landed near him, and he turned to the other side and spoke to his companion so as to overlook it. He asked for water five times at one sitting and it was not brought, and he said: 'My companions, by God, thirst has killed me!' Water was brought and he drank, and he did not reproach the delay.
قتل السلطان طغرل الثالث آخر سلاطين السلاجقة بالعراق

In the year 590 Sultan Tughril ibn Arslan ibn Tughril al-Saljuqi marched on the city of Rayy and raided those there who belonged to Khwarazm-Shah Ala al-Din Tekish. Khwarazm-Shah set out from Nishapur for Rayy, and Qutlugh Inanj ibn al-Bahlawan met him in submission. When Tughril heard of his approach, with his troops scattered, he did not wait to gather them. He was told that what he was doing was not sound judgement and that the right course was to assemble the armies, but he would not accept this, for he had courage. The two armies met near Rayy, and Tughril charged in person into the middle of Khwarazm-Shah's army; they surrounded him, threw him from his horse, and killed him on the 24th of Rabi' I. His head was sent to Khwarazm-Shah, who had it forwarded to Baghdad, where it was displayed for several days at Bab al-Nawbi. Khwarazm-Shah marched on Hamadhan and took all those lands. The caliph al-Nasir li-Din Allah had sent an army to his aid, with the sultanic robes, under his vizier Muayyad al-Din ibn al-Qassab. The vizier sent a messenger to summon Khwarazm-Shah to his tent in order to seize him, but Khwarazm-Shah was wary and went to him intending to seize him instead, and the vizier fled into the mountain fastnesses.
وفاة سقمان صاحب آمد وملك أخيه محمود

Suqman II al-Artuqi of Amid died and his brother Najm al-Din Mahmud succeeded — the Suqman who had famously defeated Qilij Arslan of Rum.
وفاة زين الدين يوسف صاحب إربل ومسير مظفر الدين إليها

Zayn al-Din Yusuf ibn Ali Begtegin, lord of Irbil, died; his brother Muzaffar al-Din Kokburi came from Harran and took the city — among the most generous of kings and the closest to scholars.
زلزلة سنة 597هـ

The famine of 597 in Egypt when human flesh was sold, then in Sha'ban the great earthquake that struck most of the world — Abu Shama: a tenth of mankind died beneath the rubble, Nablus was razed, and the year's dead were counted at a million and a hundred thousand.
وصول عسكر مصر والأسطول المصري إلى عكا

Egypt field army and its fleet arrived at Acre to reinforce Saladin against the crusader besiegers.
حصر صاحب إربل الموصل

Muzaffar al-Din Kokburi of Irbil besieged Mosul, then withdrew.
صلب مدعي أنه عيسى بدمشق سنة 595

In 595 a man who claimed to be Isa son of Maryam was crucified at Damascus; he had led a group astray, and the scholars licensed his killing.
ملك الفرنج عكا وقتل الأسرى

On Friday, 17 Jumada II 587, the Franks took Acre after a long siege. Among the things that most weakened its defenders was that Amir Sayf al-Din Ali ibn Ahmad al-Hakkari, known as al-Mashtub, went out to King Afrinsis offering to hand over the city in exchange for freeing those inside; the king did not answer him, and the people lost heart. Two amirs from within used the night as a mount, secretly took to the sea by boat, and reached the Muslim army, so the city's people were certain of ruin. Al-Mashtub agreed with the Franks to surrender the city for two hundred thousand dinars, five hundred named captives, the return of the Cross of the Crucifixion, and fourteen thousand dinars for the Marquis, lord of Tyre, with two months allowed to collect it. Once they had taken the city, the Franks betrayed those inside and imprisoned them. Saladin gathered a hundred thousand dinars and consulted his amirs, who advised him to send nothing until the Templars guaranteed good faith; the Templars refused to swear or to guarantee, saying they feared treachery from their own side. Saladin, realising their intent to betray, sent nothing. On Tuesday, 27 Rajab, the Franks went out to the outskirts of the city and found most of the Muslims in their hands already slain by the sword; they spared the amirs and those with wealth, to seek ransom from them. Saladin spent the money he had gathered and sent the captives and the cross to Damascus.
خروج الفرنج بالشام والصلح معهم

Large Frankish fleets reached the Syrian coast while the Muslim armies were consumed by the succession wars; a truce followed.
غارات الفرنج بالشام

Frankish raids recurred on the Syrian coast and ports while the sultans fought one another.
نهب الكرج أرمينية

The Georgians came in force into the Khilat region of Armenia, plundering, killing and taking captives.
نهب الكرج بيلقان

The Georgians sacked Baylaqan in Arran, razing it and slaughtering its people.
ابن الصلاح کی پیدائش شہرزور کے قریب شرخان گاؤں میں، 577ھ/1181ء

تقی الدین ابو عمرو عثمان بن عبد الرحمٰن بن عثمان بن موسیٰ کردی شهرزوری — ابن الصلاح — 577ھ/1181ء میں اربیل کے علاقے میں شہرزور کے قریب شرخان گاؤں میں پیدا ہوئے، ایک علمی گھرانے میں: ان کے والد ابو القاسم صلاح الدین اس علاقے کے شیخ تھے ۔
ابن الصلاح اپنے دوسرے سفر میں قدس کی صلاحیہ مدرسہ میں تدریس کرتے ہیں، تقریباً 618ھ

اپنے دوسرے شام کے سفر میں ابن الصلاح نے قدس کی صلاحیہ مدرسہ میں تدریس کی، جو ملک الناصر صلاح الدین یوسف بن ایوب سے منسوب تھی؛ وہ کچھ عرصہ وہاں رہے اور لوگ ان سے پڑھتے اور فائدہ اٹھاتے رہے ۔
قدس کی دیواروں کا مسمار ابن الصلاح کو دمشق لے آیا: رواحیہ کی تدریس، تقریباً 619ھ

جب ملک المعظم نے قدس کی دیواریں مسمار کروائیں تو ابن الصلاح دمشق آئے اور انہیں رواحیہ کی تدریس سونپی گئی ۔ مسماری محرم 616ھ کے پہلے دن شروع ہوئی؛ لوگ بھاگ نکلے، بعض دمشق کی طرف ، اور ابن الصلاح وہیں باقی عمر رہے، رواحیہ، پھر اشرفیہ اور شامیہ میں پڑھاتے رہے ۔
ابن الصلاح کا تقریباً چوبیس برس کی عمر میں پہلا سفرِ حدیث: بغداد، دبیس اور ہمذان، تقریباً 601ھ

جب وہ بیس برس سے کچھ زیادہ کے تھے، ابن الصلاح بغداد کے لیے روانہ ہوئے، جہاں انہوں نے ابو احمد عبد الوہاب بن سکینہ اور عمر بن طبرزاد سے سماعت کی؛ دبیس میں اسماعیل بن ابراہیم خزاز سے؛ اور ہمذان میں ابو الفضل بن معظم اور دیگر سے ۔
ابن الصلاح شہرزور میں اپنے والد سے فقہ پڑھتے ہیں، پھر موصل میں ابن یونس کے ہاں اعادہ کرتے ہیں، تقریباً 590ھ

ابن الصلاح نے شہرزور میں اپنے والد صلاح سے فقہ پڑھی، جو اس علاقے کے شیخ تھے، پھر وہ اپنے والد کے ساتھ موصل گئے جہاں کچھ عرصہ پڑھتے رہے اور مذہب میں مہارت پائی؛ ابن خلکان کے مطابق انہوں نے داڑھی اگنے سے پہلے پوری «مہذب» دہرائی، پھر علامہ عماد ابن یونس کے ہاں اعادہ کا منصب سنبھالا اور موصل میں عبید اللہ بن سمین، نصر اللہ بن سلامہ ہیتی، عبد المحسن خطیبِ موصل اور دیگر سے سماعت کی ۔
ابن الصلاح 617ھ یا اس سے پہلے شام داخل ہوتے ہیں: دمشق، حلب اور حران، 617ھ/1220ء

ابن الصلاح 617ھ/1220ء میں یا اس سے پہلے شام داخل ہوئے اور حنابلہ کے شیخ موفق الدین ابن قدامہ مقدسی، زین الامناء اور ان کے بھائی مفتی فخر الدین سے سماعت کی۔ اس سے پہلے بھی وہ دمشق آئے تھے اور قاضی جمال الدین ابن حرستانی سے سماعت کی؛ حلب میں ابو محمد ابن الاستاذ اور حران میں حافظ عبد القادر سے سماعت کی ۔
ابن الجوزی کی رہائی اور بغداد واپسی، 595ھ/1198–9ء

ابن الجوزی 595ھ/1198–9ء میں واسط کی جلاوطنی سے رہا ہوئے، خلیفہ ناصر کی والدہ کی سفارش پر — ایک نہایت دیندار خاتون جس کا دل ان کے فرزند شیخ محی الدین یوسف نے پا لیا تھا جو بعد میں خلافت کی خدمت میں رہا۔ ابن الجوزی کی بغداد واپسی فتح مندانہ ہوئی مگر وہ جلد ہی 597ھ میں فوت ہوئے ۔
ابن الجوزی کی گرفتاری اور واسط جلاوطنی، 590ھ/1194ء

590ھ/1194ء میں حنبلی وزیر ابن یونس کی برطرفی اور گرفتاری اور شافعی ابن الناصر کی وزارت کے ساتھ ابن الجوزی کی بدنصیبی شروع ہوئی — انھوں نے نامعلوم تاریخ میں خلیفہ ناصر کی پالیسی پر رد لکھا تھا۔ اسی سال وہ بنا کسی معقول وجہ کے گرفتار ہوئے، ایک شیعہ کی نگرانی میں رکھے گئے اور واسط میں نظربند رہے، جہاں وہ پانچ سال جلاوطن رہے ۔
ابن جبير ببغداد

ابن جبیر بغداد قیام کیا اور نظامیہ مدرسہ، عبدالقادر کا مکان اور بازار بیان کیے.
ابن جبير يخرج من غرناطة حاجاً

صفر 578ھ میں ابن جبیر غرناطہ سے حج کے لیے نکلا اور سبتہ کے راستے سمندر عبور کیا.
حج ابن جبير سنة ٥٧٩هـ

579ھ میں ابن جبیر نے حج کیا، عرفات میں ٹھہرا اور کئی ماہ مکہ میں رہ کر کعبہ اور حرم کا بیان لکھا.
ابن جبير يصل الإسكندرية

ابن جبیر اسکندریہ پہنچا — اس کے فینار، مدارس، دار العدل اور سلطان صلاح الدین.
ابن جبير يزور المدينة

ابن جبیر مدینہ آیا اور حرم، حجرہ، روضہ اور مسجد قباء کا بیان کیا.
ابن جبير بصقلية بعد الغرق

ابن جبیر کی کشتی صقلیہ کے ساحل پر ڈوبی؛ شاہ ولیم ثانی نے مسافروں کو بچایا اور وہ پالیرمو اترا.
عودة ابن جبير إلى غرناطة

581ھ میں ابن جبیر دو سال کے سفر کے بعد غرناطہ لوٹا اور اپنی رحلہ لکھی.
غارات ابن ليون على أعمال حلب

Ibn Layun the Armenian, lord of the Passes, launched repeated raids on Aleppo's territories.
وصول جلال الدين إلى خوزستان والعراق

Jalal al-Din, fresh from defeat by the Mongols, reached Khuzistan and Iraq and gathered a new army.
616ھ میں بیت المقدس کی فصیل کا انہدام

At the start of 616 al-Malik al-Mu'azzam had the walls of Jerusalem destroyed, out of fear and helplessness lest the Franks take it. Work on the wall began on the first day of Muharram. The people cried out; secluded women, girls, old men and women, and young men went out to the Sakhra and al-Aqsa, cut their hair, and fled, leaving their property behind, sure that the Franks would reach them by morning. Some fled to Egypt, some to al-Karak, some to Damascus; multitudes died of hunger and thirst; the wealth they had in Jerusalem was plundered; and a qintar of oil was sold for ten dirhams. The people blamed al-Malik al-Mu'azzam.
الفتنة بخلاط وقتل كثير من أهلها

A rising at Khilat ended in the slaughter of many of its people.
قصد خوارزمشاه بغداد ورده الثلج

Khwarazmshah, grown mighty over Khurasan and Transoxiana, cut the Abbasid khutba from his lands and marched on Baghdad; at Hamadan twenty days of out-of-season snow buried his host — 'God's wrath that you aim at the house of prophecy', a courtier said — and news that the Turkic peoples had rallied behind him turned him back; the Nasir was spared without battle. In 592 he crossed the Jayhun with fifty thousand demanding the sultanate and the caliph's tutelage as in Seljuk days; the caliph razed the dar al-saltana and returned his envoy unanswered.
استيلاء بدر الدين لؤلؤ على الموصل سنة 621

In 621 Badr al-Din Lu'lu' seized Mosul and strangled Mahmud b. al-Qahir, son of his ustadh, claiming he had died a natural death; effective Zangid rule at Mosul ended, Lu'lu' ruling in fact under the Atabeg name until he took the sultanate openly in 631.
اجتياح التتر بلاد الجبل وأذربيجان والكرج

In 617 the Mongols reached Rayy in pursuit of Khwarazm-shah, catching its people off guard; they seized and plundered it, took the women captive, enslaved the children, and moved on at speed. Along their way they plundered every city and village, doing many times what they had done at Rayy, until they reached Hamadan; its ruler came out with money, garments and mounts seeking safe-conduct, and they granted it and then left, marching on to Zanjan, where they did many times over the same. Then Qazvin: its people sheltered in the city and fought them, but they entered it by storm, and the fighting went on inside until they were cutting one another with knives; more than forty thousand dead were counted among the people of Qazvin. When winter came upon them they went to Azerbaijan and reached Tabriz, where its lord Uzbek ibn al-Bahlawan did not even consider fighting them, being occupied with heavy drinking night and day; he made peace with them for money, garments and mounts. They then went to the sea coast to winter there, and pushed out toward Georgia, where some ten thousand Georgians fought them; they were routed and most of them killed. A Turkic mamluk of Uzbek's named Aqush joined the Mongols; he gathered the Turkmen and Kurds and corresponded with the Mongols, who inclined toward him on account of their shared stock, and he marched at their head into Georgia, until the Georgians gathered near Tiflis. Aqush met them first and they fought fiercely; the Mongols caught up with them when they were exhausted, and they were routed in the worst defeat, in Dhu'l-Qa'da. Ibn al-Athir says: by God, I have no doubt that whoever comes after us, once the time has grown distant and he reads this event written down, will deny it and find it hard to credit, and the truth is in his hands.
616ھ میں معظم کا قاضی زکی الدین کو قبا اور کلوتہ پہنانا

In 616 AH al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Isa sent the qadi of Damascus, Zaki al-Din, a bundle containing a qaba' and a kalawta — soldiers' dress — and ordered him to sit in judgement wearing them; he put them on and judged between two litigants, then fell ill and died. Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, one of al-Mu'azzam's intimates, tells it, calls it 'one of al-Mu'azzam's blunders', and gives the causes: al-Mu'azzam's complaint that the qadi did not enforce judgements, his visit to Sitt al-Sham's house without leave, and his having the collector of the Aziziyya madrasa beaten in court.
حرب بين المسلمين والكرج بأرمينية

Heavy fighting ran between the Muslims and the Georgians in Armenia.
ملك نجم الدين بن الملك العادل خلاط

al-Adil granted his son Najm al-Din Ayyub the city of Khilat and its Armenian dependencies.
عزل نصير الدين وزير الخليفة

The caliph al-Nasir dismissed his long-serving vizier Nasir al-Din.
عمارة خزانة الكتب بالنظامية ورباط الحريم

The caliph al-Nasir ordered the Nizamiyya library built in Baghdad, and in Rabi I the ribat he had founded by the Harim gate was finished — part of the caliphate-revival building program.
انهزام نور الدين صاحب الموصل من العساكر العادلية

Nur al-Din Arslan Shah of Mosul was routed by al-Adil's forces when the two armies met.
قفطی قدس سے حلب چلے گئے، 598ھ/1201ء

صلاح الدین کی وفات کے بعد مچی گڈ مڈ نے قفطی کو 598ھ/1201ء میں حلب جانے پر مجبور کر دیا، جہاں والد کے ایک دوست کی سرپرستی اور ہمت افزائی سے وہ کئی برس علمی مشاغل میں لگے رہے ۔
ملک ظاہر نے قفطی کو حلب کے دیوان مال پر مقرر کیا، تقریباً 606ھ/1210ء

حلب کے اتابک ملک ظاہر غازی نے قفطی کو دیوان مال کا ذمہ دار بنایا — وہ کام انہوں نے بے رغبتی سے قبول کیا مگر اسی سے انھیں «قاضی اکرم» کا خطاب ملا ؛ تاریخ ظاہر کی دور حکومت ⁦(582–613ھ)⁩ میں تقریبی ہے، ان کی وفات اور قفطی کے 613ھ میں مستعفی ہونے سے پہلے ۔
قفطی والد کے ہمراہ قدس منتقل ہوئے، 583ھ/1187ء

قفطی نے ابتدائی تعلیم قاہرہ میں حاصل کی، پھر 583ھ/1187ء کو قدس گئے جہاں ان کے والد صلاح الدین کے نامور کاتب و مشیر قاضی فاضل کے نائب مقرر ہوئے؛ وہ وہاں برسوں طالب علم رہے اور اپنی آئندہ تصانیف کی مادہ جمع کرتے رہے ۔
ملک عزیز نے قفطی کو دیوان مال پر بحال کیا، 616ھ/1219ء

استعفے کے تین برس بعد ملک عزیز محمد بن ظاہر نے قفطی کو دیوان مال کے اسی منصب پر مقرر کیا جو وہ بلا انقطاع 628ھ/1230ء تک سنبھالتے رہے ۔
قفطی نے ملک ظاہر کی وفات پر استعفیٰ دیا، 613ھ/1216ء

جب 613ھ/1216ء میں ملک ظاہر غازی کا انتقال ہوا تو قفطی نے استعفیٰ دے دیا؛ تین برس بعد ظاہر کے جانشیں ملک عزیز محمد نے انھیں اسی منصب پر بحال کر دیا ۔
غدر البرنس أرناط صاحب الكرك

Reynald de Chatillon, lord of Kerak and al-Shawbak, betrayed the truce: he seized a caravan passing from Egypt to Syria, jailed its merchants in his castle, and plundered their goods. King Guy denounced it and demanded restitution; Reynald refused — one of the greatest causes of the war.
ملك ركن الدين ملطية من أخيه وأرزن الروم

Rukn al-Din Sulayman Shah the Seljuk took Malatya from his brother and Erzurum, gathering the Rum lands fragmented among the princes into one hand — the greatest Seljuk kingship since the sultans.
استرداد صلاح الدين بيت المقدس

In 583 Salah al-Din took many Frankish-held towns of Syria — Jerusalem greatest of them, ninety-one years in their hands. He cleared their traces, razed their new churches, built a Shafi'i school on one site, yet spared the Holy Sepulchre as Umar had before him. Ibn Barrajan had read in 'Alif Lam Mim — the Romans were defeated' that Jerusalem would stay Roman till 583, then be a house of Islam for ever — 'one of the strangest coincidences', says Abu Shama, 'and Ibn Barrajan died long before'.
حصر صلاح الدين الكرك وملك الربض

In Rabi II Saladin marched on al-Karak: the mangonels took the outwork town, but between it and the keep ran a ditch sixty cubits deep. He had timber-and-brick galleries built so men could fill it under cover while his stones flew day and night; the garrison summoned every Frank, and Saladin lifted the siege to meet the relief host.
ملك صلاح الدين ميافارقين

Saladin took Mayyafariqin and its Diyar Bakr dependencies after the Mosul truce, extending his Jaziran realm.
صلاح الدين يأخذ الشمال ويتسلم حلب سنة 578

In 578 Salah al-Din swept the north — Harran, Saruj, Sinjar, Nisibis and al-Raqqa — besieged Mosul till the caliph's envoy ordered him off, then took Aleppo from Izz al-Din Mas'ud in exchange for Sinjar.
حصار صلاح الدين للموصل وصلح شهرزور سنة 581

In 581 Salah al-Din besieged Mosul; its people fought their hardest and its strength turned him back. He took Mayyafariqin by safe-conduct, returned to the siege, and peace came on terms: the khutba in his name, the city's lord his liege, and Shahrizur and its fortresses ceded. He withdrew, then fell gravely ill at Harran until his death was rumoured and the hair of his beard and head fell out.
عصيان سنجر بخوزستان وتسليمه

Al-Nasir's mamluk-governor of Khuzistan, Qutb al-Din Sanjar, drifted into covert rebellion in 606; the caliphal army chased him into the protection of the Salghurid Atabeg Sa'd of Shiraz, wintered at Arrajan, and took his surrender under safe-conduct — Sanjar entered Baghdad on a pack-mule with two chains on his legs and confessed before the assembled amirs and notables.
فتح شقيف أرنون

Saladin took Shaqif Arnun — Beaufort — a Frankish eagle nest on the high rock between Sidon and Banyas.
عصيان شهاب الدين غازي على أخيه الأشرف وأخذه خلاط

Shihab al-Din Ghazi rose against his brother al-Ashraf and wrested Khilat from him before al-Ashraf took it back.
موكب سبط ابن الجوزي وشعور النساء إلى نابلس سنة 606

In 606 Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi sat in Damascus's congregational mosque exhorting to jihad; women had cut their braids for him — he told of Abu Qudama of Damascus and the woman who sent her hair saying 'make it a rein for your horse in God's path' — and he had them made into bridles for the mujahidin's mounts; when he mounted the pulpit and they were brought out, they were three hundred bridles, and the people cried out and cut as many again. The governor of Damascus and the notables were present; when he descended, the governor walked with the Sibt, and the people rode out through the prayer-ground gate in uncounted numbers, marched to Nablus to fight the Franks, took prisoners and killed, and returned safe and laden.
607ھ میں جامع دمشق میں سبط ابن الجوزی کی مجلس اور نابلس کی طرف کوچ

Sibt ibn al-Jawzi relates that he held a session in the Damascus mosque on Saturday 5 Rabi' I 607 AH, with a crowd estimated at thirty thousand, and had three hundred hobbles for the fighters' horses, made from hair that had been given him, carried in, whereupon people cut off their own hair likewise; he then led them to Nablus for the campaign, where al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Isa met him, and they raided Frankish territory. Ibn al-Imad places the episode in 606 AH.
حصار عكا ⁦(١١٨٩–١١٩١)⁩

Draft card for the Siege of Acre from 1189 to 1191, the Third Crusade's long investment that ended with the Crusaders retaking the city from Saladin; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
حصار حلب

Draft card for Siege of Aleppo (1183); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
حصار كوكب الهوا

Draft card for the Siege of Belvoir in 1187–89, Saladin's recovery of the Hospitaller castle; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
حصار الكرك ⁦(١١٨٣)⁩

Draft card for the Siege of Kerak in 1183, Saladin's assault on Reynald of Châtillon's castle during the wedding feast; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
حصار اللاذقية ⁦(١١٨٨)⁩

Draft card for the Siege of Laodicea in 1188, Saladin's capture of the port after Hattin; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
حصار صفد ⁦(١١٨٨)⁩

Draft card for the Siege of Safed in 1188, of Saladin's conquests after Hattin; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
حصار قلعة صهيون ⁦(١١٨٨)⁩

Draft card for the Siege of Sahyun in 1188, Saladin's capture of the Crusader castle after Hattin; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
حصار شوشتر ⁦(١٢٢٥)⁩

Draft card for Siege of Shushtar (1225); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
حصار صور ⁦(١١٨٧)⁩

Draft card for the Siege of Tyre in 1187, Saladin's failed attempt on the last Crusader port after Hattin; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
قتل شهاب الدين السهروردي بحلب سنة 587

In 587 the philosopher Shihab al-Din Yahya al-Suhrawardi was killed at Aleppo. He had come there famous; al-Malik al-Zahir Ghazi, Salah al-Din's son, sat him in session, his brilliance dazzled, and the prince attached himself to him. The scholars marked him for heresy, drew up a warrant of unbelief, and warned Salah al-Din he would corrupt his son's creed — so the sultan ordered him killed without further consultation. Offered the manner of his death, he chose starvation, for austerity was his habit; food was withheld till he perished, aged thirty-six. Sayf al-Amidi: 'I saw him — much learning, little sense'.
الصلح بين صلاح الدين وأتابك عز الدين صاحب الموصل

Saladin returned to Mosul and made peace with the atabeg Izz al-Din Masud ibn Mawdud — each confirmed in his lands, bound to aid against any aggressor.
حصر الفرنج قلعة الطور وتخريبها

The Franks besieged and razed Qal'at al-Tur on the Egyptian coast, then turned on Damietta.
الفتنة بين التركمان والأكراد بديار الجزيرة والموصل

A great fitna ran between the Turkmen and the Kurds through the Jazira and Mosul until the lands filled with dead and plunder — among the greatest disturbances of that country.
الفتنة بين التركمان والأكراد

In 581 AH a strife broke out between the Turkmens and the Kurds in al-Jazira, Mosul, Diyar Bakr, Khilat, al-Sham, Shahrazur and Azerbaijan. Countless people were killed, it lasted several years, the roads were cut, property was plundered and blood was shed. Its cause: a Turkmen woman was married, and her wedding procession passed a fortress of the Kurdish Zawzan; her people asked for a wedding feast and were refused, and the lord of the fortress killed the groom. The strife then flared, the two sides turned on one another and the evil grew, until Mujahid al-Din Qaymaz gathered the leaders of both groups, reconciled them, and gave them robes and money, and it ended.
قتل الباطنية بواسط

In Ramadan of this year the Batiniyya were killed in Wasit. The cause was that a man known as al-Rakm, Muhammad ibn Talib ibn Asiya, originally from al-Qarub, a village of Wasit, and a Batini, came to the city and settled beside the houses of the Banu al-Harawi. People flocked to him and his following grew. Among those who frequented him was a man known as Hasan al-Sabuni. It happened that he passed through al-Suwayqa, where a carpenter spoke to him about their doctrine; al-Sabuni answered him roughly, and the carpenter rose and killed him. When the people heard of it they rose up and killed whoever they found who claimed that doctrine. They made for the house of Ibn Asiya, where his companions had gathered; they had closed the door and climbed onto the roof. The people climbed up to them from the neighboring houses, broke open the mamariq, killed whoever they found in the house, burned it, and killed Ibn Asiya. When the news reached Baghdad, Fakhr al-Din Abu al-Badr ibn Amsina al-Wasiti went down to put matters right and calm the strife.
قتل الباطنية بواسط

Ramadan 601: Wasit turned on its Batini cell — when a carpenter killed the soap-seller who answered him harshly over the creed, the crowd lynched every Batini they found, stormed the missionary Ibn Asiyya's fortified house from the rooftops, slew him and burned it; the notable Fakhr al-Din ibn Amsina came down from Baghdad to quiet the fitna.
مسير وزير الخليفة إلى خوزستان وملكها

Al-Nasir sent his vizier against Khuzistan and took it — the castle of Susiyan ibn Shamla falling to Baghdad when its dead lord sons quarreled and one wrote the caliph offering the keys.
دمشق کا واقعہ: مناظرہ جس میں یاقوت کی جان جانے سے بچی اور فرار، 613ھ/1216ء

613ھ/1216ء میں دمشق گیا اور ایک بازار میں بیٹھا جہاں اس نے ایک بغدادی سے مناظرہ کیا جو کسی صحابی کا متعصب تھا؛ گفتگو اس پر منتج ہوئی کہ اس نے صحابی کے بارے میں ناجائز بات کہی، لوگ ان پر چڑھ دوڑے اور قتل ہی کرتے کہ والی معتمد موصلی کو خبر پہنچی، اسے طلب کیا مگر وہ خوف زدہ ہو کر حلب بھاگ آیا. اس نے پہلے خارجیوں کی کتابیں پڑھی تھیں جن کا اثر ذہن میں رہ گیا تھا ۔
یاقوت منگولوں کے سامنے خوارزم سے بھاگ کر موصل اور پھر حلب آیا، 617ھ/1220ء

خوارزم میں یاقوت کو منگولوں کا ظہور ملا اور وہ «قیامت کے دن اپنے قبرستان سے اٹھے شخص کی مانند» بھاگا؛ راہ میں ایسی تنگی اور بھاگ دوڑ سہی کہ زبان بیان سے عاجز ہے، اور اسباب ختم ہو کر موصل پہنچا. موصل سے 617ھ/1220ء — یا 618ھ — میں قفطی کو خط لکھا جس میں منگول یلغار سے اپنی مشکل بیان کی، پھر سنجار اور پھر حلب گیا ۔
یاقوت کی آزادی اور عسکر حموی کی طرف سے برطرفی، 596ھ/1199ء

یاقوت اور مولیٰ عسکر کے مابین جھگڑا ہوا جس پر 596ھ/1199-1200ء میں مولیٰ نے اسے آزاد کر دیا اور الگ کر دیا. وہ اجرت پر نقل کرنے لگا — 596 اور 603ھ کے درمیان تین سو جلدیں نقل کیں — اور مطالعے سے فوائد حاصل ہوئے ؛ کچھ مدت بعد مولیٰ نے اسے دوبارہ مضاربہ کا شریک بنایا ۔
یاقوت کیش سے واپس آیا تو مولیٰ کا انتقال ہو چکا تھا، کتابوں کی تجارت شروع کی، 606ھ/1209ء

سابق مولیٰ نے اسے مضاربے پر کیش بھیجا؛ 606ھ/1209ء میں لوٹا تو عسکر فوت کر چکا تھا۔ بیوہ اور بیٹوں کو ان کا حصہ دیا، باقی سرمایہ بنا کر سفر کیا اور تجارت کا کچھ حصہ کتابیں بنا لیا. بغداد میں کتابیں بیچنے سے نایاب مخطوطات دیکھنے اور اسلامی دنیا کے بڑے علماء سے ملنے کا موقع ملا ۔
معجم البلدان کی مسودہ حلب میں مکمل، 20 صفر 621ھ/13 مارچ 1224ء

یاقوت نے معجم البلدان کی مسودہ حلب میں — نہیں جیسا کہ عموماً سمجھا جاتا ہے موصل میں — 20 صفر 621ھ/13 مارچ 1224ء کو مکمل کی اور اپنی خطاطی کی نقل قفطی کے کتب خانے کو پیش کی. یہ کتاب جغرافیہ سے آگے بڑھ کر ادبی مادہ اور ہر شہر کے اعلام کی تراجم بھی سمیٹتی ہے ۔
یاقوت کو حلب میں وزیر قاضی اکرم قفطی سے ملوایا گیا، 609ھ/1212ء

بغداد–شام–تبریز–بغداد کے سفر ⁦(607-10ھ)⁩ میں کتابوں کے دلال ابو علی قیلوی نے 609ھ/1212ء میں اسے حلب کے وزیر قاضی اکرم ابن قفطی سے ملوایا۔ قفطی لکھتے ہیں: «ان میں صرف دو کتابیں تھیں جو میں نے خریدیں؛ میں نے اس کے چہرے اور گفتگو کا جائزہ لیا، ایسی باتیں سمجھا جن میں میری توقع خاط نہ ہوئی، اور جان لیا کہ وہ صحبت کے قابل نہیں» ۔
بچہ یاقوت بغداد میں تاجر عسکر حموی کو فروخت، تقریباً 580ھ/1184ء

یاقوت ابھی بہت چھوٹا تھا کہ بلاد روم سے قیدی بنا کر بغداد لایا گیا، پانچ چھ سال کی عمر میں؛ اسے بمشکل خواندہ تاجر عسکر بن نصر حموی نے خریدا، نام یاقوت رکھا — موالیوں کو جواہر کے نام دینے کی عادت کے مطابق — اور کتب خانے میں ڈالا تاکہ تجارت میں کام آئے ؛ بعد کے اساتذہ میں ابو البقاء عکبری اور ابن یعش شامل تھے ۔
یاقوت کے مولیٰ کے لیے تجارتی سفر: کیش، عمان اور شام، تقریباً 593ھ/1197ء

مولیٰ عسکر نے یاقوت کو تجارتی سفروں میں لگایا: جزیرہ کیش، عمان — جہاں اکثر لوگ اباضیہ خارجی تھے — اور شام کے رخ؛ ایک سفر بغداد–آمد–شام–بغداد 593-94ھ/1197-98ء میں ہوا. ان سفروں میں وہ مطالعہ کرتا اور علماء سے ملتا، یہاں تک کہ علمی ملکہ پیدا ہوگیا ۔
ملك الملك الظاهر منبج وحصره

Al-Zahir Ghazi ibn Saladin took Manbij and its region, was besieged in it by his Ayyubid rivals, then made peace.

اس خلیفہ کا عجائب گھر ریکارڈ

الناصر لدین اللہ احمد بن المستضیء

عہد کے واقعات

فتنة الحافظ عبد الغني بدمشق سنة 595

إحراق كتب عبد السلام بن عبد القادر الجيلي وتفسيقه سنة 603

الوقعة الكبرى على عكا

نقل العادل إلى حلب والملك العزيز إلى مصر

ملك العادل الخابور ونصيبين وحصره سنجار

حصر الأفضل دمشق وعوده عنها

استيلاء العادل على دمشق

ملك العادل يافا وملك الفرنج بيروت

مناقلة حلب من الموصل إلى سنجار

مسجدِ اقصیٰ کے شمالی برآمدے کی مرمت

ذعر اجتماع الكواكب الستة في الميزان سنة 582

حصر الملك العزيز دمشق

الفتن ببغداد

فتن محلات بغداد سنة 601

قتل بكر صاحب خلاط

نهب بني عامر البصرة

غزوة ملك الألمان وغرقه

معركة الفولة

615ھ ⁦(1218ء)⁩ میں قیمون کی لڑائی

معركة أنطاكية على مينيدر

معركة أرسوف

معركة كوكب الهوا

615ھ ⁦(1218ء)⁩ میں بزاعہ کے قریب اشرف کے ہاتھوں سلطانِ روم کیکاؤس کی شکست

معركة عين جوزة

وقعة حطين

معركة يافا ⁦(١١٩٢)⁩

معركة يافا ⁦(١١٩٧)⁩

أخذ الفرنج بيروت من المسلمين سنة 593

علامہ علاء الدین ابن نفیس کی پیدائش دمشق میں، تقریباً 607ھ/1210ء

انهزام عسكر الخليفة من السلطان طغرل

فتح الشقيف حبس جلدك

قتل المركيس صاحب صور

حصر العزيز دمشق والصلح على قسمة البلاد

الملک العادل کی وفات اور ان کے بیٹوں کی جانشینی

وفاة الملك الظاهر غازي بن صلاح الدين

وفاة أتابك عز الدين مسعود صاحب الموصل

وفاة ابن الجوزي

وفاة ابن الخليفة الناصر

وفاة نور الدين أرسلان شاه صاحب الموصل

وفاة صلاح الدين وتركته

وفاة صلاح الدين بدمشق

قتل السلطان طغرل الثالث آخر سلاطين السلاجقة بالعراق

وفاة سقمان صاحب آمد وملك أخيه محمود

وفاة زين الدين يوسف صاحب إربل ومسير مظفر الدين إليها

زلزلة سنة 597هـ

وصول عسكر مصر والأسطول المصري إلى عكا

حصر صاحب إربل الموصل

صلب مدعي أنه عيسى بدمشق سنة 595

ملك الفرنج عكا وقتل الأسرى

خروج الفرنج بالشام والصلح معهم

غارات الفرنج بالشام

نهب الكرج أرمينية

نهب الكرج بيلقان

ابن الصلاح کی پیدائش شہرزور کے قریب شرخان گاؤں میں، 577ھ/1181ء

ابن الصلاح اپنے دوسرے سفر میں قدس کی صلاحیہ مدرسہ میں تدریس کرتے ہیں، تقریباً 618ھ

قدس کی دیواروں کا مسمار ابن الصلاح کو دمشق لے آیا: رواحیہ کی تدریس، تقریباً 619ھ

ابن الصلاح کا تقریباً چوبیس برس کی عمر میں پہلا سفرِ حدیث: بغداد، دبیس اور ہمذان، تقریباً 601ھ

ابن الصلاح شہرزور میں اپنے والد سے فقہ پڑھتے ہیں، پھر موصل میں ابن یونس کے ہاں اعادہ کرتے ہیں، تقریباً 590ھ

ابن الصلاح 617ھ یا اس سے پہلے شام داخل ہوتے ہیں: دمشق، حلب اور حران، 617ھ/1220ء

ابن الجوزی کی رہائی اور بغداد واپسی، 595ھ/1198–9ء

ابن الجوزی کی گرفتاری اور واسط جلاوطنی، 590ھ/1194ء

ابن جبير ببغداد

ابن جبير يخرج من غرناطة حاجاً

حج ابن جبير سنة ٥٧٩هـ

ابن جبير يصل الإسكندرية

ابن جبير يزور المدينة

ابن جبير بصقلية بعد الغرق

عودة ابن جبير إلى غرناطة

غارات ابن ليون على أعمال حلب

وصول جلال الدين إلى خوزستان والعراق

616ھ میں بیت المقدس کی فصیل کا انہدام

الفتنة بخلاط وقتل كثير من أهلها

قصد خوارزمشاه بغداد ورده الثلج

استيلاء بدر الدين لؤلؤ على الموصل سنة 621

اجتياح التتر بلاد الجبل وأذربيجان والكرج

616ھ میں معظم کا قاضی زکی الدین کو قبا اور کلوتہ پہنانا

حرب بين المسلمين والكرج بأرمينية

ملك نجم الدين بن الملك العادل خلاط