الثغور

الثغور

The Thughur — in al-Baladhuri: the Muslims' Syrian marches in Umar's and Uthman's days were Antioch and the cities al-Rashid later called the 'Awasim, the Muslims raiding beyond them as they now raid beyond Tarsus; between Alexandretta and Tarsus lay Byzantine forts and watchposts that their people sometimes abandoned in flight or filled with fighters, Heraclius reportedly removing their people with him on leaving Antioch so the Muslims could not settle the land between; the Umayyads raided the Byzantines with the people of Syria and the Jazira summer and winter, posting coastal watchmen and keeping raiding ships, then Abu Ja'far al-Mansur went through the coastal fortresses and cities, restoring, fortifying and building what needed building and doing likewise for the march cities, al-Mahdi completed what remained and reinforced them, Harun carried fortification and raiding to a pitch unmatched before him and disbursed funds through the marches, and al-Mutawakkil in year 247 ordered ships stationed on every coast manned with fighters; among its famous strongholds are Masisa, Tarsus, Mar'ash, al-Hadath, Sis and Qanqara.

گہرائی

ایک نظر میں

دور
العصر الأموي · العصر العباسي المبكر
خطہ
levant-iraq
جائزہ
مسودہ تکمیل 2/5 · مکمل کرنے میں مدد کریں

خلاصہ

بلاذری کے نزدیک عمر اور عثمان کے زمانے میں مسلمانوں کے شامی ثغور انطاکیہ اور وہ دوسرے شہر تھے جن کا نام بعد میں رشید نے «العواصم» رکھا۔ مسلمان ان کے پیچھے کی زمینوں میں اسی طرح جہاد کرتے جیسے طرسوس کے پیچھے کی زمینوں میں۔ 1

قلعے

اسکندرونہ اور طرسوس کے درمیان رومیوں کے قلعے اور چوکیاں تھیں، جنہیں کبھی ان کے باشندے بھاگ کر خالی کر گئے، اور کبھی لڑنے والوں سے بھر دی گئیں۔ کہا گیا ہے کہ ہرقل نے انطاکیہ سے نکلتے وقت ان قلعوں کے باشندوں کو اپنے ساتھ منتقل کیا، تاکہ مسلمان ان کے اور روم کے علاقوں کے درمیان آبادی نہ کریں۔ 1

بنو امیہ سے متوکل تک

بنو امیہ شام اور جزیرے کے لوگوں کے ساتھ گرمیوں اور سردیوں میں رومیوں سے جنگ کرتے، اور ساحلوں پر محافظ مقرر کرتے اور جہاد کے لیے کشتیاں تیار رکھتے۔ جب ابو جعفر المنصور والی بنے تو انہوں نے ساحلی قلعوں اور شہروں کا جائزہ لیا، انہیں آباد کیا اور مضبوط کیا، اور جو تعمیر کی ضرورت تھی اسے بنایا، اور ثغور کے شہروں سے بھی یہی کیا۔ پھر مہدی نے جو باقی تھا مکمل کیا اور اس کی حفاظت بڑھائی۔ اور ہارون نے صنعت اور جہاد کا وہ اہتمام کیا جو ان سے پہلے نہ تھا، اور ثغور و ساحلوں میں مال تقسیم کیا۔ اور متوکل نے سنہ 247ھ میں حکم دیا کہ تمام ساحلوں پر کشتیاں ترتیب دی جائیں اور انہیں لڑنے والوں سے بھرا جائے۔ 2

مشہور عواصم

المصیصہ، طرسوس، مرعش، الحدث، سیس اور قنقرۃ۔ 3

تعلقات

تعلقات دریافت کریں

Has part
بناء حصن المصيصة· بناء طرسوس

وہ لوگ اور چیزیں جن پر مزید بات ہوئی

عبد الملک بن مروان· عبد الله بن عبد الملك· الحسن بن قحطبة الطائي· محمد المهدي· فرج بن سليم الخادم· هرثمة بن أعين· هارون الرشيد· عمر بن عبد العزیز

ماخذ

  1. فتوح البلدان — البلاذري (طبعة مؤسسة المعارف) , p.223
  2. فتوح البلدان — البلاذري (طبعة مؤسسة المعارف) , p.225
  3. فتوح البلدان — البلاذري (طبعة مؤسسة المعارف) , p.227
اس صفحے کا حوالہ دیں

islam.museum کے شرکاء۔ “الثغور”. islam.museum، https://islam.museum/ur/concept/thughur/. CC BY-SA 4.0. آخری تازہ کاری 2026-10-18.

گٹ ہب پر اس صفحے کو بہتر بنائیں · غلطی کی اطلاع دیں · JSON

پہلو

خیالات

عقائد، تصورات، علوم اور مکاتبِ فکر، سادہ زبان میں۔
متعلقہ

عبد الملک بن مروان

Caliph of the Umayyads; al-Hajjaj was his governor, and the companions of Ibn al-Ash'ath deposed him, saying that deposing al-Hajjaj meant deposing Abd al-Malik. He died in 86. According to al-Mas'udi, he was given the oath of allegiance on the night of Sunday, the first of Ramadan 65, and died at Damascus on Saturday, fourteen days into Shawwal 86, aged sixty-six. He loved poetry, boasting and panegyric; avarice predominated in him, and he was ready to shed blood. When he kept company with al-Sha'bi, he said to him: 'Do not help me in what is ugly, and do not correct my error in my assembly. Show me your understanding through your glance and your hearing, and know that the rightness of listening is greater than the rightness of speech'. He killed Amr ibn Sa'id al-Ashdaq in 70, after letters had passed between them seeking power. The chamberlain shut the door on Amr, leaving his companions outside; Abu al-Za'za'a was ordered to strike his neck, and his head was thrown to his companions, who scattered. It is also said that a chain was put on him, and then he ordered his brother Abd al-Aziz to slaughter him; Amr said to him: 'Betray, O son of al-Zarqa'!' and he threw dinars among the people, who busied themselves with them and stopped fighting. He wrote to al-Hajjaj asking him to describe the strife to him. Al-Hajjaj wrote that strife is kindled by secret talk, reaped by complaint and produced by sermons. He wrote back that he had hit the mark and described it well; if he wanted his subjects to be straight with him, he should subdue them with unity, give them the gifts of division, and attach need to them. When news of Ibn al-Ash'ath's deposition reached him, he went up the pulpit and said: 'O God, do not give us power over one better than us, nor give those better than us power over us. O God, unleash the sword of the people of Syria against the people of Iraq until it reaches Your pleasure; and when it reaches it, do not pass beyond Your wrath with it'. In one of his years of pilgrimage he ordered gifts distributed to the people; a purse was brought out, inscribed 'from the alms', and the people of Medina refused to accept it, saying that their gift came from the fay'. He struck them on the pulpit with the parable of the serpent guarding its treasure, and said: 'O assembly of Quraysh, you had Umar as your governor; he was harsh and rough, and you listened to him and obeyed. Then you had Uthman, who was gentle and mild, and you attacked him and killed him. Then we sent Muslim ibn Uqba against you on the day of al-Harra, and you killed him. We know that you will never love us, and you remember the day of al-Harra, and we will never love you, and we remember the killing of Uthman'. The book mentions that he was the first to set aside a day for examining grievances, set four hundred dinars as the upper limit for dowries, and ordered that the judgments of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr be enforced without reversing them. The book also says that he urged his commanders to beware of night raids and sent spies ahead of every army; that he consulted people before sending an army to the land of the Romans; that in his advice to his sons he told them to act on the opinion of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz and consult him; and that he advised al-Walid to honour al-Hajjaj, because he had paved the way for him. It also says that he died in Damascus in 86 AH; al-Walid led the funeral prayer over him, and he was buried between Bab al-Jabiya and Bab al-Saghir.