حظر (منع)

الحظر

Hazr (prohibition) in the lexicon means preventing; the forbidden (mahzur) is what the law forbids, and the term is wider than the unlawful and the disliked for some, but for others only the unlawful; the doer is blamed by the law. ¹ The usulis distinguish prohibition (hazr), unlawfulness (tahrim, which is blamed and punished) and disliking (karaha, rewarded for leaving it and not punished for doing it). ¹ In the Hanafi books, a section titled after permitted and forbidden (hazr wa-ibaha), or disliked matters, or preference, gathers scattered rules: looking and touching, dress, gold and silver vessels, food, gifts, earning, visiting graves, reciting in graveyards, music, medicine, circumcision, adornment, slaughter, naming children, backbiting and envy, travel, loans, greeting rulers, shared property, the Qur'an, and the mosque. ^{2 3} The Hanafis give that section different names, for the mixed rules in it. ³