عبد الحميد الثاني
Abd al-Hamid II (r. 1293–1327/1876–1909) — ruled under a constitution hostage to his person: ministers, treaties, war and law all his alone. His pan-Islamic counterweight: the Shaykhs' Council, the Arab Tribal School for sons of chiefs, and correspondence with the Arab amirs — against British approaches to the Sharif of Mecca and the imams of Yemen and Asir.
عہد · عثمانی سلطنت · سلسلے میں نمبر 25 · 1876–1909ء
خلافت پر حکمرانی کی
عہد کے واقعات
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حادثة ٣١ مارت
Draft card for the 31 March Incident of 1909, the Constantinople rising against the Committee's constitutional rule put down by the Action Army; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة دوبوي (١٨٧٨)
Draft card for the Battle of Doboj in 1878, during the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة دوموكوس
Draft card for the Battle of Domokos in 1897, the Ottoman victory in the Thirty Days' War against Greece; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة دنيس
Draft card for the Battle of Dunis in 1876, the Ottoman victory over the Serbs; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة أرضروم (١٨٧٧)
Draft card for the Battle of Erzurum in 1877, the Russian victory over the Ottomans in the war of 1877; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة فارسالا (١٨٩٧)
Draft card for Battle of Farsala (1897); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة فوندينا
Draft card for the Battle of Fundina in 1876, the Montenegrin victory over the Ottoman army; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة دير الرسل المقدسة
Draft card for the Battle of the Holy Apostles Monastery in 1901, Andranik and the Armenian fedayis' stand against the Ottoman army at Mush; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة يافور (١٨٧٦)
Draft card for Battle of Javor (1876); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة قارص (١٨٧٧)
Draft card for the Battle of Kars in 1877, the Ottoman fortress's fall to the Russians in the war of '93; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة قيزل تيبه
Draft card for the Battle of Kızıl Tepe in 1877, the Ottoman victory over the Russians in Armenia in the war of '93; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة ليفاديا (١٨٩٧)
Draft card for Battle of Livadeia (1897); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة لومتسي (١٨٧٦)
Draft card for Battle of Lomtsi (1876); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة ماشكولوري (١٩٠٨)
Draft card for the Battle of Mashkullorë in 1908, part of Çerçiz Topulli's Albanian resistance; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة ماتاراجا
Draft card for Battle of Mataraga and Petromagoula (1878); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة مشكين كامن (١٩٠٣)
Draft card for the Battle of Mečkin Kamen in 1903, the Ottoman recapture of Krushevo; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة جبل أوكولتشيتسا (١٨٧٦)
Draft card for Battle of Mount Okolchitsa (1876); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة موزاكي
Draft card for the Battle of Mouzaki in 1878, the Ottoman repulse of the Greek attack; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة نيكوبول (١٨٧٧)
Draft card for the Battle of Nikopol in 1877, the Danube battle of the Russo-Ottoman war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة أورياهوفو
Draft card for the Battle of Oryahovo in 1877, the Romanians' capture of the town in the Russo-Turkish War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة بنته بيغاديا
Draft card for Battle of Pente Pigadia (1897); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة بيتريتش (١٨٧٦)
Draft card for Battle of Petrich (1876); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة معبر شيبكا
Draft card for the battles of Shipka Pass in 1877, the Russo-Bulgarian defence of the pass against Suleiman Pasha's Ottoman army; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة سيمنيتسا (١٨٧٧)
Draft card for the Battle of Simnitza in 1877, an action of the Russo-Turkish War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة سماردان
Draft card for Battle of Smardan (1878); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة شوماتوفاتس
Draft card for the Battle of Šumatovac in 1876, the Serbian win over the Ottomans in the Serbian–Ottoman war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة سفيشتوف
Draft card for the Battle of Svishtov in 1877, the Russian Danube crossing of the war with the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة طاش كسن
Draft card for the Battle of Tashkessen in 1877, the Ottoman rear-guard victory in the Balkan war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة فيليستينو
Draft card for the Battle of Velestino in 1897, the Ottoman victory in the Thessalian war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة فوكوليس (١٨٩٧)
Draft card for Battle of Voukolies (1897); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة فوتشي دو
Draft card for the Battle of Vučji Do in 1876, Montenegro's victory over the Ottoman army in the independence war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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غارة بلوفسكي (١٨٧٦)
Draft card for Belovski Raid (1876); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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خلع السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني
The 1909 deposition of Abdülhamid II — after the 31 March incident, CUP troops from Salonika entered Istanbul, a fetva was drafted and amended, and on 27 April a joint assembly of 240 members voted his removal, delivered by a committee including Emmanuel Carasso and Esad Toptani.
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انتفاضات درسيم
Draft card for Dersim Uprisings; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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دستور مدحت باشا ١٨٧٦
The 1876 constitution of Midhat Pasha — the first Western-modeled constitution put into effect in a state of Islam, capping the Tanzimat decrees.
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الحرب العثمانية اليونانية (١٨٩٧)
Draft card for the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, the Thirty Days' War over Crete that ended in Ottoman victory; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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ثورة دروز حوران
Draft card for the Hauran Druze Rebellion of 1909–10, the Atrash revolt against the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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انتفاضة الهرسك
Draft card for the Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule from 1875 to 1877, the spark of the great Eastern Crisis; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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مقابلة هرتزل للسلطان عبد الحميد
Herzl's 1901 Yıldız audience: a two-hour offer of Jewish banking relief on the Ottoman debt in exchange for Palestine settlement, which Abdülhamid heard out and declined — after already issuing the 1890 irades refusing Jewish immigration.
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انتفاضة كريسنا ورازلوغ
Draft card for the Kresna–Razlog Uprising of 1878–79, the Macedonian-Bulgarian rising against Ottoman rule; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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ثورة مقدونيا (١٨٧٨)
Draft card for the 1878 Macedonian rebellion, the Greeks' uprising against the Ottomans after Berlin; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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التمرد المقدوني (١٨٩٦)
Draft card for the 1896–97 Macedonian Rebellion against Ottoman rule; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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ثورة منصور بن راشد السعدون (١٨٨٠)
Draft card for Mansour bin Rashid al-Saadun Uprising (1880); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الحرب المونتنيغرية العثمانية
Draft card for the Montenegrin–Ottoman War of 1876–1878, the independence war that doubled Montenegro's territory; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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ادرنہ پر روسی قبضہ (1878ء)
1878-79ء میں ادرنہ کا روسی قبضہ شہر کے لیے مزید تباہی کا سبب بنا؛ قبضے کے دوران روسیوں نے یلدرم مسجد کی کاشی کاری اور سنگِ مرمر کی دو جوڑی حلقیاں اتار لیں اور سلیمیہ کی شاہی مقصورہ کی کاشی کاری بھی لے گئے ۔
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ثورة ساسون (١٩٠٤)
Draft card for the Sasun uprising of 1904, the Armenian rising against the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الهجوم الثاني على بلفنة (١٨٧٧)
Draft card for Second Attack on Pleven (1877); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الحرب الصربية العثمانية
Draft card for the Serbian–Ottoman War of 1876–1878, Serbia's independence war closed by the Treaty of Berlin; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الحروب الصربية العثمانية
Draft card for the Serbian–Ottoman wars of 1352–1913, the centuries of Serb–Ottoman conflict; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار دير دريانوفسكي (١٨٧٦)
Draft card for Siege of Dryanovski Monastery (1876); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار بلفن
Draft card for the Siege of Plevna in 1877, Osman Pasha's months-long stand against the Russian army in the war of 1877–78; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار فيدين (١٨٧٨)
Draft card for Siege of Vidin (1878); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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تمرد الزيتون (١٨٩٥)
Draft card for the Zeitun rebellion of 1895–1896, the Armenian rising in Cilicia against the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.