استيلاء التتر على مازندران وأخذ ذخائر أم خوارزم شاه

تقریباً 1220 عیسوی · 617 ھ

When the western Mongol detachment despaired of catching Khwarazm-shah in his fortress by the sea, they turned back and made for Mazandaran, which they took very quickly despite its strength and the difficulty of entering it. Ibn al-Athir notes that it had always resisted, old and new: when the Muslims had taken all the Sasanian lands from Iraq to the far reaches of Khurasan, the districts of Mazandaran still paid tribute while the Muslims could not enter, until it was conquered in the days of Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik in 90. Now the Mongols took it outright, killing, enslaving, plundering and burning. They then headed for Rayy and came upon the mother of Khwarazm-shah, with his women, property and treasures, precious goods the like of which had never been heard of, for she had left Khwarazm making for Rayy and then Isfahan to seek refuge, and they caught her before she arrived. They sent everything on to Genghis Khan at Samarkand ¹.

خلاصہ

جب تاتریوں کے ایک گروہ کو سمندر میں اپنے قلعے میں خوارزم شاہ تک پہنچنے کی امید نہ رہی تو وہ مازندران کی طرف مڑے اور اس کے مضبوط ہونے اور داخلے کی دشواری کے باوجود اسے بہت جلد فتح کر لیا۔ یہ ابن الاثیر کی «الکامل» میں بیان ہوا ہے۔ ¹

علاقے کی مضبوطی

ابن الاثیر بیان کرتے ہیں کہ مازندران قدیم اور جدید دونوں زمانوں میں مزاحمت کرتا رہا۔ جب مسلمانوں نے عراق سے خراسان کے دور دراز علاقوں تک ساسانی بادشاہوں کے ملک پر قبضہ کیا تو اس کے علاقے خراج تو دیتے رہے مگر وہاں مسلمان داخل نہ ہو سکے، یہاں تک کہ سنہ 90 ہجری میں سلیمان بن عبد الملک کے دور میں یہ فتح ہوا۔ ¹

قبضہ اور خوارزم شاہ کی والدہ کا خزانہ

ماخذ کے مطابق تاتریوں نے مازندران میں قتل کیا، قیدی بنائے، لوٹا اور جلایا۔ پھر وہ ری کی طرف بڑھے تو انہیں خوارزم شاہ کی والدہ، اس کی بیویاں اور ان کے مال و خزانے ملے۔ وہ خوارزم سے ری کی طرف نکلی تھیں اور پھر اصفہان جا کر قلعہ بند ہونا چاہتی تھیں۔ تاتریوں نے ان سب کو سمرقند میں چنگیز خان کے پاس بھیج دیا۔ ¹

تاریخ

سنہ 617 ہجری، جس کی میلادی مطابقت (تقریباً 1220ء) اخذ کی گئی ہے۔ ¹

خروج التتر إلى بلاد الإسلام

In 617 the Mongols erupted into the lands of Islam: a large people of Turks whose dwellings were the mountains of Tamghaj, on the side of China. Ibn al-Athir opens their story by saying that he had for years held back from recounting it, out of awe: who could bring himself to write the obituary of Islam and the Muslims, wishing he had died before it and been forgotten? He calls it a calamity such that the days and nights have been barren of its like, and says that had someone claimed no people since Adam had suffered its like, he would have spoken truly; what Nebuchadnezzar did to the Children of Israel, the killing and the wrecking of Jerusalem, is nothing beside it, since every city they ruined was many times Jerusalem. He describes how they came out from the edges of China and made for Turkistan, Kashghar and Balasaghun, then Transoxania, Samarkand and Bukhara; a detachment crossed into Khurasan and left it emptied of rule through ruin and plunder; then Rayy, Hamadan and the Jibal to the borders of Iraq, then Azerbaijan and Arran, then Darband of Shirvan, the lands of the Lan and the Lakz, and the Qipchaq, all in less than a year by the measure of their march alone. Alexander, whom the historians agree ruled the world, held it for about ten years; these took most of the inhabited world in about a year. He describes their way of life: they need no supply train, since their sheep, cattle, horses and mounts dig the earth with their hooves and eat plant roots; they know no barley; they prostrate to the sun at its rising, and they forbid none of the beasts. He explains their success: Khwarazm-shah Muhammad had seized those lands, killing and wiping out their kings, so that once he was beaten nothing stood to bar or defend them.

استيلاء التتر على مازندران وأخذ ذخائر أم خوارزم شاه

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قبضہ اور خوارزم شاہ کی والدہ کا خزانہ

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