صاحب الزنج

خلاصہ

زنج کے قائد۔ 255ھ کے شوال میں بصرہ کے فرات پر ظاہر ہوئے۔ ¹ 256ھ کے رجب میں الابلّہ میں داخل ہوئے، ² اور عبادان پر قبضہ کر لیا۔ ³

مسعودی کے ہاں ان کا نسب

مسعودی بیان کرتے ہیں کہ وہ دعویٰ کرتے تھے کہ وہ علی بن محمد بن احمد بن عیسیٰ بن زید بن علی بن الحسین ہیں۔ مسعودی کہتے ہیں کہ اکثر لوگ انہیں جعلی نسب کا شخص سمجھتے تھے، اور آل ابی طالب ان کے دعوے کو نہیں مانتے تھے۔ وہ ری کے علاقوں میں سے ورزنین کے رہنے والے تھے۔ ⁴

ان کا مسلک اور واقعات

مسعودی کی رائے ہے کہ عورتوں، بچوں اور بوڑھوں کے قتل میں ان کے کام خوارج کے ازارقہ گروہ کی رائے کی طرف اشارہ کرتے ہیں۔ وہ بیان کرتے ہیں کہ وہ خطبہ دیتے تو تکبیر اور تہلیل سے آغاز کرتے، پھر «خبردار، حکم صرف اللہ کا ہے» کہتے، اور تمام گناہوں کو شرک سمجھتے۔ ان کے واقعات کو سب سے پہلے محمد بن حسن بن سہل نے تصنیف کیا۔ ⁴

مدت اور قتل

مسعودی کے مطابق ان کی حکومت کی مدت چودہ سال اور چار ماہ تھی۔ وہ بیان کرتے ہیں کہ بصرہ کی ایک ہی جنگ میں تقریباً تین لاکھ افراد قتل ہوئے۔ ان کا قتل 270ھ کے صفر کے دو راتیں گزرنے کے بعد ہفتے کی رات ہوا۔ ⁵

محققین کے نوٹس

یہ احکام اور اعداد مسعودی کے ہیں، اور دوسرے مصادر سے ملانے کی ضرورت ہے۔ اس کے لیے اضافی مصدر درکار ہے۔

ماخذ

تاريخ الرسل والملوك — الطبري (تحقيق أبو الفضل إبراهيم) , j.9 p.410

تاريخ الرسل والملوك — الطبري (تحقيق أبو الفضل إبراهيم) , j.9 p.471

تاريخ الرسل والملوك — الطبري (تحقيق أبو الفضل إبراهيم) , j.9 p.472

مروج الذهب — المسعودي , p.568

مروج الذهب — المسعودي , p.577-578

المنتظم في تاريخ الملوك والأمم — ابن الجوزي

أبو أحمد الموفق

Brother of the caliph al-Mu'tamid. Al-Tabari records his departure from al-Jabal for Iraq, his illness with gout, and his death on a Wednesday, eight days before the end of Safar 278. According to al-Suyuti, his brother al-Mu'tazz invested him with the robe of kingship, crowned him with a gold crown and a jewelled cap, gave him two shawls and girded him with two swords; in the same year he removed him from office and exiled him to Wasit. Also according to al-Suyuti, his brother al-Mu'tamid placed him in charge of the east, and he commanded the army in most of the engagements against the Zanj; when the leader of the Zanj was killed, the people cried out prayers for al-Muwaffaq and poets praised him. In 269 al-Mu'tamid summoned him back from the direction of Damascus and placed him under restraint; he was given the titles Ibn Kundaj, Dhu al-Sayfayn, and Sa'idan, Dhu al-Wizaratayn, and al-Mu'tamid ordered Ibn Tulun to be cursed from the pulpits. He died in 278, and al-Mu'tamid was relieved of him. According to al-Mas'udi, when al-Musta'in was deposed he went from Baghdad to Samarra, where al-Mu'tazz invested him, put a robe on him, gave him two shawls and clothed his commanders. According to al-Mas'udi, al-Mu'tazz imprisoned him with his brother al-Mu'ayyad, then tightened his confinement and sent him to Basra thirteen nights before the end of Ramadan 252; between his honour and his imprisonment there were six months and three days. According to al-Mas'udi, al-Mu'tamid invested him and Mufallih at the start of Rabi' I 258 and sent them against the leader of the Zanj; he met Ya'qub al-Saffar at Sayb Bani Kuma in 262. According to Ibn al-Jawzi, the gout grew so severe that he could not ride, so he had a domed litter made to sit in, with an attendant who cooled his feet with cold things until ice was applied to them; his leg became elephantiasis. Forty porters carried his litter, twenty at a time in turns. When the pain grew he would order them to set him down and say: 'You are weary of me, and I wish I were one of you, carrying a load on my head and eating in good health.' He also said: 'My register covers a hundred thousand men, yet none of them is in a worse state than I am.' He died in the Qasr al-Hasani on the night of Thursday, eight days before the end of Safar 278, aged forty-seven years less a month and some days. Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz wrote a letter of condolence: 'I console you with al-Mansur the second, for I know of no one among his descendants more like him.' In his war against the Zanj he sent their leader a letter calling him to repent and return to God from the shedding of blood, the violation of what is sacred, the ruin of lands, and the claim to a prophethood and messengership that God had not made him fit for, and to give up his course and join the community of Muslims. When the letter reached him it only increased his aversion and obstinacy, and he did not reply. He encamped in the city he named al-Muwaffaqiyya, sent merchants to it, built its congregational mosque, and set up mints there where dinars and dirhams were struck.

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