المعتمد على الله

Abbasid caliph, given the oath in Rajab 256 under the name al-Mu'tamid ala Allah after the death of al-Muhtadi ¹. According to al-Suyuti he was Ahmad ibn al-Mutawakkil, his mother Fatyan. When al-Muhtadi was killed he had been confined in al-Jawsaq; they brought him out and gave him the oath. He made his brother al-Muwaffaq governor of the East, made his son Ja'far his heir with the title al-Mufawwad ila Allah, and became absorbed in pleasure and neglected his subjects, so people disliked him and loved his brother Talha ². According to al-Mas'udi he was Ahmad ibn Ja'far al-Mutawakkil, kunya Abu al-Abbas, and his mother was a slave-mother from Kufa called Fatyan. He was given the oath on Tuesday, fourteen nights before the end of Rajab 256, aged twenty-five, and died in Rajab 279 aged forty-eight, so his caliphate lasted twenty-three years. He appointed as viziers 'Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan, then al-Hasan ibn Makhlad, then Sulayman ibn Wahb, then Sa'id ³. According to al-Mas'udi he was passionately fond of music; drinking and all kinds of pleasures and entertainments dominated him, and he asked 'Ubayd Allah ibn Khurradadhbih who first took up the 'ud ⁴. According to Ibn Khaldun, Yusuf ibn Tashfin seized him, led him captive to Marrakesh, and kept him in confinement there. According to Ibn al-Jawzi, in 271 he cursed 'Amr ibn al-Layth in the presence of the pilgrims of Khurasan and ordered him cursed from the pulpits, after dismissing him from the post he had given him and granting Khurasan to Muhammad ibn Tahir ⁵. He came to Baghdad five nights before the end of Shawwal 272 and alighted at al-Za'faraniyya, with 'Abd Allah ibn Tahir going before him with the spear ⁶.

گہرائی

ایک نظر میں

شناختیں: Wikidata
جائزہ: مسودہ تکمیل 2/5 · مکمل کرنے میں مدد کریں

خلاصہ

المعتمد علی اللہ، عباسی خلیفہ، جنہیں المہتدی کی وفات کے بعد رجب 256ہجری میں بیعت دی گئی، اور وہ 279ہجری میں فوت ہوئے، یوں ان کی خلافت تیئیس برس رہی۔ ¹ ³

خلافت سنبھالنا

سیوطی بیان کرتے ہیں کہ وہ احمد بن المتوکل تھے، اور ان کی والدہ فتیان تھیں۔ جب المہتدی قتل ہوئے تو وہ جوسق میں قید تھے، انہیں نکال کر بیعت لی گئی۔ پھر انہوں نے اپنے بھائی الموفق کو مشرق کا والی بنایا، اور اپنے بیٹے جعفر کو ولی عہد بنا کر اس کا لقب «المفوض إلى الله» رکھا۔ ²

مسعودی کے مطابق ان کی کنیت ابوالعباس تھی، ان کی والدہ کوفی ام ولد تھیں، اور ان سے رجب 256ہجری کی چودہ راتیں باقی رہتے ہوئے منگل کے دن بیعت ہوئی، اس وقت ان کی عمر پچیس برس تھی۔ وہ رجب 279ہجری میں اڑتالیس برس کی عمر میں فوت ہوئے۔ انہوں نے عبیداللہ بن یحییٰ بن خاقان کو وزیر بنایا، پھر الحسن بن مخلد، پھر سلیمان بن وہب، پھر صاعد کو۔ ³

مؤرخین کے ہاں ان کی صورت

سیوطی بیان کرتے ہیں کہ وہ کھیل تماشے اور لذتوں میں ایسے منہمک ہو گئے کہ رعایا سے غافل ہو گئے، اس لیے لوگ ان سے بیزار ہو گئے اور ان کے بھائی طلحہ سے محبت کرنے لگے۔ ²

مسعودی کہتے ہیں کہ انہیں گانے بجانے اور کھیل تماشوں کا شوق تھا۔ ⁴

ڈیٹا پر ایک نوٹ

ڈیٹا کا یہ صفحہ ایک جملے پر ختم ہوتا ہے جو یوسف بن تاشفین کے ہاتھوں ان کی گرفتاری اور مراکش کی طرف ان کے لے جانے کے بارے میں ہے، اور یہ ابن خلدون سے منسوب کیا گیا ہے۔ یہ بات اس عباسی خلیفہ پر فٹ نہیں بیٹھتی جو 279ہجری میں فوت ہوئے، اور شاید یہ خبر المعتمد بن عباد کی ہے۔ اس کے لیے ایک اور ماخذ درکار ہے۔

تعلقات

تعلقات دریافت کریں

Allied with: سليمان بن وهب· عبيد الله بن يحيى بن خاقان
Participated in: اعتراض ابن كنداج المعتمد ومحجوره· عهد المعتمد للمفوض والموفق· قتل يوسف بن تاشفين للمتوكل صاحب بطليوس· قسمة المملكة بين المفوض والموفق

وہ لوگ اور چیزیں جن پر مزید بات ہوئی

أبو أحمد الموفق· أحمد بن طولون· جعفر المفوض إلى الله بن المعتمد· إسحاق بن كنداج· موسى بن بغا· يوسف بن تاشفين أمير المسلمين· بغداد· اعتراض ابن كنداج المعتمد ومحجوره

ماخذ

تاريخ الرسل والملوك — الطبري (تحقيق أبو الفضل إبراهيم) , j.9 p.474
تاريخ الخلفاء — السيوطي (طبعة دار المنهاج) , p. 564
مروج الذهب — المسعودي , p. 571
مروج الذهب — المسعودي , p. 588
المنتظم في تاريخ الملوك والأمم — ابن الجوزي , p. 83
المنتظم في تاريخ الملوك والأمم — ابن الجوزي , p. 85

كتاب العبر لابن خلدون

اس صفحے کا حوالہ دیں

islam.museum کے شرکاء۔ “المعتمد على الله”. islam.museum، https://islam.museum/ur/person/al-mutamid/. CC BY-SA 4.0. آخری تازہ کاری 2026-10-23.

گٹ ہب پر اس صفحے کو بہتر بنائیں · غلطی کی اطلاع دیں · JSON

متعلقہ

أبو أحمد الموفق

Brother of the caliph al-Mu'tamid. Al-Tabari records his departure from al-Jabal for Iraq, his illness with gout, and his death on a Wednesday, eight days before the end of Safar 278. According to al-Suyuti, his brother al-Mu'tazz invested him with the robe of kingship, crowned him with a gold crown and a jewelled cap, gave him two shawls and girded him with two swords; in the same year he removed him from office and exiled him to Wasit. Also according to al-Suyuti, his brother al-Mu'tamid placed him in charge of the east, and he commanded the army in most of the engagements against the Zanj; when the leader of the Zanj was killed, the people cried out prayers for al-Muwaffaq and poets praised him. In 269 al-Mu'tamid summoned him back from the direction of Damascus and placed him under restraint; he was given the titles Ibn Kundaj, Dhu al-Sayfayn, and Sa'idan, Dhu al-Wizaratayn, and al-Mu'tamid ordered Ibn Tulun to be cursed from the pulpits. He died in 278, and al-Mu'tamid was relieved of him. According to al-Mas'udi, when al-Musta'in was deposed he went from Baghdad to Samarra, where al-Mu'tazz invested him, put a robe on him, gave him two shawls and clothed his commanders. According to al-Mas'udi, al-Mu'tazz imprisoned him with his brother al-Mu'ayyad, then tightened his confinement and sent him to Basra thirteen nights before the end of Ramadan 252; between his honour and his imprisonment there were six months and three days. According to al-Mas'udi, al-Mu'tamid invested him and Mufallih at the start of Rabi' I 258 and sent them against the leader of the Zanj; he met Ya'qub al-Saffar at Sayb Bani Kuma in 262. According to Ibn al-Jawzi, the gout grew so severe that he could not ride, so he had a domed litter made to sit in, with an attendant who cooled his feet with cold things until ice was applied to them; his leg became elephantiasis. Forty porters carried his litter, twenty at a time in turns. When the pain grew he would order them to set him down and say: 'You are weary of me, and I wish I were one of you, carrying a load on my head and eating in good health.' He also said: 'My register covers a hundred thousand men, yet none of them is in a worse state than I am.' He died in the Qasr al-Hasani on the night of Thursday, eight days before the end of Safar 278, aged forty-seven years less a month and some days. Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz wrote a letter of condolence: 'I console you with al-Mansur the second, for I know of no one among his descendants more like him.' In his war against the Zanj he sent their leader a letter calling him to repent and return to God from the shedding of blood, the violation of what is sacred, the ruin of lands, and the claim to a prophethood and messengership that God had not made him fit for, and to give up his course and join the community of Muslims. When the letter reached him it only increased his aversion and obstinacy, and he did not reply. He encamped in the city he named al-Muwaffaqiyya, sent merchants to it, built its congregational mosque, and set up mints there where dinars and dirhams were struck.