فتح صلاح الدين أيلة

تقریباً دسمبر 1170 عیسوی · ربیع الثانی 566 ھ

In the year 566 Saladin marched from Egypt into Frankish lands and raided the districts of Ascalon and Ramla, then attacked the suburb of Gaza and plundered it. The king of the Franks came against him with a small force; he fought and defeated them, and the king escaped after coming close to capture. Saladin returned to Egypt, had ships made in sections and carried the pieces on camels overland until he reached Ayla. There he assembled the pieces, launched them on the sea, and besieged Ayla by land and sea. He took it in the first ten days of Rabi' II and gave its people and all that was in it to plunder ¹.

خلاصہ

سنہ 566 ہجری میں صلاح الدین مصر سے فرنگیوں کے علاقوں کی طرف روانہ ہوئے، عسقلان، رملہ اور غزہ کے مضافات پر چھاپے مارے، اور فرنگی بادشاہ سے لڑ کر اسے شکست دی۔ پھر وہ مصر لوٹ آئے اور ربیع الآخر کے پہلے عشرے میں ایلہ فتح کیا۔ ¹

فتح

ابن الاثیر بیان کرتے ہیں کہ صلاح الدین نے الگ الگ حصوں والی کشتیاں بنوائیں، انہیں اونٹوں پر لاد کر ایلہ تک لائے، وہاں انہیں جوڑ کر سمندر میں اتارا، اور شہر کا خشکی و سمندر دونوں سے محاصرہ کیا۔ ¹ وہ ذکر کرتے ہیں کہ اس نے اہلِ شہر اور جو کچھ وہاں تھا اسے لوٹ لیا۔ ¹

وقعة حطين

On Saturday, five days before the end of Rabi' al-Akhir in 583 AH, Saladin and the Muslims engaged the Franks, who were tormented by thirst and had lost heart. The Muslim vanguard shot arrows like locusts spreading across the ground and killed many of the Franks' horses. The Franks were heading for Tiberias to reach water, but Saladin blocked their path, drew up his army against them, and rode among the Muslims urging them on. One of his young Mamluks charged fiercely and fought until he was killed; then the Muslims launched a violent charge that broke the Franks. Some volunteers set fire to the dry grass, which was abundant; the fire burned, and the wind carried its heat and smoke toward the Franks, so that thirst, the heat of the day, the fire and the fighting came upon them together. The Muslims surrounded them like a circle around its diameter, and those who remained climbed a hill near Hattin, where they could pitch no tent except their king's. The Muslims took their great cross, which the Franks call the Cross of the Crucifixion and which they believe contains a piece of the wood on which Christ was crucified. Al-Malik al-Afdal, Saladin's son, recounts that he stood beside his father at the first clash: when the Franks charged repeatedly until they drove the Muslims back toward the tent, his father grew downcast, gripped his beard and cried, 'The Devil lied!'; al-Afdal, joyful, cried, 'We have defeated them!' His father turned to him and said, 'Be quiet; we will not defeat them until that tent falls.' When the tent fell, the sultan dismounted, prostrated in thanks and wept for joy. The king and his brother were captured, along with Prince Arnat, lord of Karak, the lord of Jubayl, the Grand Master of the Templars and a group of Hospitallers. Whoever looked at the dead would not think any prisoners had been taken, and whoever looked at the captives would not think anyone had been killed. Saladin gave the king iced water, and the king gave what was left of it to Arnat. Saladin said, 'He did not drink the water with my permission, so he will not obtain what he wishes'; he rebuked him for his wrongs, rose, and struck his neck, saying that he had twice vowed to kill him if he ever prevailed over him: once when Arnat meant to march on Mecca and Medina, and once when he seized the caravan treacherously. He ordered the Templar and Hospitaller prisoners gathered; two hundred were brought before him and their necks were struck, because they were fiercer than all the other Franks. Ibn al-Athir says that about a year later he passed the site of the battle and saw the ground full of their bones.

فتح صلاح الدين أيلة

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